Sources and methodology

Check the arithmetic

Every plasma-level number in Milligram comes out of a published equation with published constants. Both are on this page, with all 3,581 references behind the 197 compounds in the catalog. Each one is labelled by what it is: peer-reviewed literature, regulatory record, named practitioner, or field report.

References3,581
From peer-reviewed literature40.4%
Median references per compound23

Updated 10 August 2026 · Generated from the production catalog

010203040TOTAL REFERENCESMEDIAN 23 TOTALLITERATURE 17LITERATURE 0 010203040

The corpus · 197 compounds · 3,581 references

LiteratureRegulatoryPractitionerField record

197 compounds · 3,581 referencesMedian 23 each, range 2 to 4142.4%

One column per compound. Height is how many references it carries, from 2 to 41, on the axis at the left. The grey line traces the top of the blue, so it reads the peer-reviewed count on that same axis: 17 at the left end, 0 at the right. Colour is what kind of evidence. 196 of the 197 carry at least one peer-reviewed reference. One carries none. The tallest column is KLOW at 41 references, and 11 of them peer-reviewed. Scrub the plate to read any compound.

IThe engine

01Pharmacokinetic engine7 subsections · 5 formulas · 4 entries

Dose superposition · Semaglutide, 6 weekly doses

WK 0WK 1WK 2WK 3WK 4WK 5RELATIVE PLASMA CONCENTRATIONCmax STEADY STATECmin STEADY STATEPEAK 6 = 2.51 x PEAK 1PEAK TO TROUGH 1.22 TO 1
Semaglutide, 6 weekly doses, drawn from the catalog’s own constants: elimination half-life 161 hours, absorption half-life 55 hours. The faint curves are each dose on its own. The bold curve is their sum, which is the line the app plots. The sixth peak sits 2.51 times the first, the fifth dose lands within 4 percent of steady state, and peak to trough across the last week is 1.22 to 1.

Plasma concentration over time is computed from the user’s logged dose history using closed-form solutions to standard compartmental ordinary differential equations. The model class per compound, one compartment or two, oral first-order absorption or depot subcutaneous flip-flop, is set per entry from the published literature.

2.1 One-compartment Bateman (oral and fast subcutaneous absorption)

For compounds with first-order absorption and first-order elimination, plasma concentration after a single dose follows the Bateman equation (2.1):

C(t) = (F · D · ka) / (Vd · (ka − ke))
     · (exp(−ke·t) − exp(−ka·t))

The L’Hôpital limit is handled when |ka − ke| approaches zero. Reference: Gibaldi and Perrier, Pharmacokinetics, 2nd ed., §3.3, group A.

2.2 Two-compartment biexponential (deep-tissue redistribution)

For compounds with significant deep-tissue redistribution, such as cabergoline, dutasteride and certain long-ester nandrolone preparations, the macro-constant biexponential form (2.2) is used. Macro coefficients are stored per compound from published clinical PK papers:

C(t) = D · F · (A · exp(−α·t)
              + B · exp(−β·t))

Reference: Gibaldi and Perrier §3.3, oral multi-compartment.

2.3 Multi-dose superposition

Plasma concentration under realistic dosing is the sum of single-dose contributions across the logged history (2.3):

C(t) = Σᵢ Cᵢ(t − tᵢ)

The summation window is bounded at ten elimination half-lives per compound, and at ten times the slower of α or β for two-compartment systems. Reference: Gibaldi and Perrier §10.5.

2.4 Steady-state concentration at interval τ

Under a fixed interval the concentration converges on the steady-state profile (2.4):

Cₛₛ(t′) = (F · D · ka) / (Vd · (ka − ke))
        · [exp(−ke·t′)/(1 − exp(−ke·τ))
         − exp(−ka·t′)/(1 − exp(−ka·τ))]

Reference: Rowland and Tozer, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, §10.5, group A.

2.5 Effective-regimen Cavg (titration aware)

Half-life-only formulae saturate inside a single dosing interval and lose real titration patterns, such as semaglutide 0.25 → 0.5 → 1.0 mg. The effective-regimen Cavg (2.5) anchors the projected steady-state mean to the recent dosing pattern over a sliding window:

Cavg = F · Deff / (CL · τeff)
CL   = ke · Vd
buildup = clamp(Cnow / Cavg, 0, 1)

Reference: Rowland and Tozer §10.5.

2.6 Non-linear pharmacokinetics

For compounds with saturable elimination or Michaelis–Menten kinetics, closed-form superposition is invalid. The governing ODEs are integrated numerically with adaptive step-size Runge–Kutta methods and embedded error estimation. References: Press et al, Numerical Recipes, 3rd ed., ch. 17. Cash and Karp, ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 16(3):201–222, 1990, for the adaptive coefficients. Wagner 1973 for saturable Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Group B.

2.7 Engine constants

Default volume of distribution
56 L
0.7 L/kg at an 80 kg reference weight. Textbook PK default.
Time to steady state
4.5 × t½
94 % of the asymptotic Cavg. Rowland and Tozer.
Superposition window
10 × t½
Residual contribution converges below 0.1 %.
Hill coefficient
n = 1
Standard approximation for peptide GPCR occupancy curves.

02Reference-compound parameter set4 subsections · 1 formula · 2 tables · 2 entries

References per compound

010203040067COMPOUNDSMEDIAN 23
Median 23, mean 18.2, range 2 to 41. A low tail of 31 compounds carries fewer than five references. All of them are in the index below.

The three GLP-1 receptor agonist class peptides, semaglutide, tirzepatide and retatrutide, carry the deepest published PK literature of any modern peptide. Quantitative outputs, meaning Monte Carlo confidence bands, receptor occupancy and expected weight trajectory, are computed for these three compounds only. Outside this set the reasoning layer returns qualitative copy with explicit hedging.

3.1 Molecular weights (concentration-unit conversion)

CompoundMW (Da)
Semaglutide4,113.6
Tirzepatide4,813.5
Retatrutide4,731.4

3.2 Population pharmacokinetic variability

Coefficient-of-variation values are taken from the published population PK papers and used in confidence-band Monte Carlo sampling. Sample sizes vary. Semaglutide is the best characterised, and retatrutide carries the widest band, which follows its Phase 1 sample sizes.

Compoundt½ CVClearance CVVd CV
Semaglutide0.250.350.30
Tirzepatide0.200.300.30
Retatrutide0.300.400.35

3.3 Allometric clearance scaling

Individual clearance is scaled from population clearance by body weight (3.1):

iCL = pCL · (BW / 70)ᵇ
Tirzepatide
b = 0.8, Schneck 2024, an explicit semi-mechanistic value.
Semaglutide and retatrutide
b = 0.75, the textbook default. No explicit published value exists.

Used observationally. It never drives a dose adjustment.

3.4 Confidence-band sampling

Steady-state Cmin, Cavg and Cmax are reported as percentile bands (p5 / p50 / p95) instead of point estimates, computed by log-normal Monte Carlo over the published population PK CV values at 1,000 samples per call. Population PK parameter uncertainty, CV 25 to 50 %, dominates user-data uncertainty by 5 to 10 times, so the band reflects the precision that is actually available.

03Receptor pharmacology3 subsections · 1 formula · 1 table

For receptor-binding questions on the three reference compounds, occupancy at the instantaneous plasma concentration is computed with the Hill–Langmuir equation (4.1) against published EC₅₀ values from cAMP-response assays:

occupancy = [C] / ([C] + EC₅₀)

4.1 EC₅₀ panel (nanomolar)

CompoundGLP-1RGIPRGCGR
Semaglutide0.15––
Tirzepatide0.9340.0224–
Retatrutide0.7750.06435.79

4.2 Receptor reserve framing

Output is reported as “above the threshold for full receptor activation” instead of a binding-ratio percentage. Receptor reserve means EC₅₀ represents the cAMP-equivalent threshold for full downstream signal, and a saturation ceiling is a different quantity. Stating a receptor-occupancy percentage would misrepresent the signal-transduction physiology.

4.3 Multi-agonist redundancy detection

For stacks containing more than one GLP-1RA class agonist, per-receptor occupancy is summed across all modelable agonists. When a single compound’s occupancy already exceeds 0.95 on a given receptor, additional agonists are flagged as redundant on that channel. Synergy is available only across compounds with non-overlapping receptor targets.

04Clinical-trial trajectory bands6 subsections · 3 tables

Published weight trajectories and endpoints

0%-5%-10%-15%-20%-25%Semaglutide 2.4 mgRetatrutide 8 mgRetatrutide 12 mgTirzepatide 5 mgTirzepatide 10 mgTirzepatide 15 mgWK 0WK 24WK 48WK 72WK 96BAND: MODEL SPREAD. NO TRIAL CITED HERE REPORTS AN INTERVAL.
Mean percent weight change. Semaglutide has published anchors at 7 timepoints, so it is drawn as a curve. Retatrutide and Tirzepatide report a single endpoint each, so they are drawn as points. The shaded band is the spread the app applies, widening with the square root of week. No trial cited here reports a confidence interval.

Expected percent weight change from baseline is read off the published primary endpoint cohorts. Inter-week values are linear-interpolated between published anchors. The band widens with the square root of week, which is how the app carries inter-subject variance accumulating with duration. It is a derived spread of 9.0 percentage points at the terminal anchor, and no trial cited here publishes a confidence interval.

5.1 Semaglutide, STEP-1 and STEP-5

Wilding et al, NEJM 2021 (n=1,961, 68 wk, 2.4 mg/wk). Garvey et al, Nature Medicine 2022 (n=304, 104 wk extension).

Weekp50 from baselineAnchor
00.0 %
4−1.5 %
16−6.0 %
28−10.5 %
52−13.5 %
68−14.9 %STEP-1 endpoint
104−15.2 %STEP-5 endpoint

5.2 Tirzepatide, SURMOUNT-1

Jastreboff et al, NEJM 2022 (n=2,539, 72 wk).

DoseWeekMean change
5 mg72−16.0 %
10 mg72−21.4 %
15 mg72−22.5 %

5.3 Retatrutide, Phase 2

Jastreboff et al, NEJM 2023 (n=338, 48 wk).

DoseWeekMean change
8 mg48−22.1 %
12 mg48−24.2 %

5.4 Confirmatory head to head

SURMOUNT-5 (Aronne et al, NEJM 2025) put tirzepatide 15 mg against semaglutide 2.4 mg: −20.2 % against −13.7 % mean change in body weight.

5.5 Real-world cohort context

Retrospective real-world cohorts, the Truveta and Epic Cosmos derivatives, report mean weight loss of 11 to 13 % at 12 months on semaglutide 1.7 to 2.4 mg. Trial means run higher, which follows observational titration patterns and adherence drop-off against the controlled trial environment.

5.6 Cardiovascular and renal outcomes context

Outcome-trial corroboration of the GLP-1RA class beyond weight. SUSTAIN-6 (Marso et al, NEJM 2016): 26 % MACE reduction in type 2 diabetes, n=3,297. SELECT (Lincoff et al, NEJM 2023): 20 % MACE reduction in a non-diabetic CVD population, n=17,604, mean 39.8 months. FLOW (Perkovic et al, NEJM 2024): 24 % major kidney event reduction in type 2 diabetes with CKD, n=3,533.

05Cardiovascular class effect1 table

The expected resting heart rate and HRV deltas on GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class effect, observed across all three reference compounds. From a 12-week wearable cohort:

MetricExpected deltaOnset
Resting heart rate+2 to +4 bpmAbout 4 weeks. Persists with use.
HRV (RMSSD)−5 to −10 msObservational.

06Renal function3 subsections · 2 formulas · 1 table

For bloodwork interpretation involving renal function, two equations are computed in parallel: the FDA-preferred form for drug-dosing decisions (Cockcroft–Gault) and the current NKF/ASN clinical standard (CKD-EPI 2021, race free). Both are used observationally. The three reference compounds clear by proteolysis and fatty-acid β-oxidation, and FDA labels accordingly state no dose adjustment at any eGFR including ESRD.

7.1 Cockcroft–Gault (FDA-preferred drug-dosing form)

CrCl = ((140 − age) · BW) / (72 · SCr)
       × 0.85 if female

7.2 CKD-EPI 2021 (NKF/ASN current standard)

eGFR = 142 · min(SCr/κ, 1)ᵅ
           · max(SCr/κ, 1)⁻¹·²⁰⁰
           · 0.9938ᵃᵍᵉ
           · 1.012 if female

7.3 KDIGO 2024 stage labels

StageeGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)Description
G1≥ 90Normal or high
G260 to 89Mildly decreased
G3a45 to 59Mild to moderate
G3b30 to 44Moderate to severe
G415 to 29Severely decreased
G5< 15Kidney failure

07Statistical methods3 subsections · 1 formula

Correlations between any two named time series, such as sleep total against resting heart rate, body weight against week, mood against cumulative dose count, or biomarker against biomarker, are computed with Pearson product-moment for linear continuous metrics and Spearman rank for ordinal or monotonic relationships. Sample size, p-value and a low-confidence flag are returned at every call, so the discipline sits in the data path.

8.1 Pearson product-moment correlation

r = Σ(x − x̄)(y − ȳ)
    / √( Σ(x − x̄)² · Σ(y − ȳ)² )

t = r · √( df / (1 − r²) )   df = n − 2

8.2 Standard normal CDF approximation

The two-sided p-value passes the t-statistic through the Wilson–Hilferty cube-root transformation to a standard normal, then evaluates the cumulative distribution function with the Abramowitz and Stegun §26.2.17 polynomial approximation. Wilson–Hilferty holds for n ≥ 7. Below that the low-confidence flag fires whatever the coefficient magnitude, and the reasoning layer is then prevented from naming the coefficient at all.

8.3 Spearman rank correlation

Each series is converted to average ranks, with ties handled by averaging tied positions, then Pearson runs on the ranks. Equivalent to standard Spearman ρ at consumer-app fidelity.

IIThe corpus

08Coverage by therapeutic class13 entries

Catalog by therapeutic class · 197 compounds

LiteratureRegulatoryPractitionerField record
Supplements64 · 1,015
Healing peptides20 · 359
GH peptides20 · 434
Metabolic15 · 154
Testosterone14 · 358
PCT13 · 299
Cognitive11 · 188
Melanocortins10 · 98
Oral AAS9 · 230
SARMs8 · 199
GLP-1 agonists8 · 122
Trenbolone3 · 75
Nandrolone2 · 50
197 compounds across 13 classes, each bar split by the mix behind it. Supplements is the largest class at 64 compounds and 1,015 references. Literature share runs from 35.1 percent (Cognitive) to 44.1 percent (Supplements). The spread across all 13 classes is 9.0 points.

Compounds are organised into 13 therapeutic classes. Pharmacokinetic depth follows the published literature: peptides with formal population PK studies carry the full quantitative parameter set, and those with only animal or in-vitro data carry observational dose-range cohorts and qualitative mechanism profiles.

Supplements
64 compounds · 1,015 references 44.1 % peer-reviewed literature
GH peptides
20 compounds · 434 references 39.2 % peer-reviewed literature
Healing peptides
20 compounds · 359 references 36.8 % peer-reviewed literature
Metabolic
15 compounds · 154 references 42.9 % peer-reviewed literature
Testosterone
14 compounds · 358 references 39.7 % peer-reviewed literature
PCT
13 compounds · 299 references 41.1 % peer-reviewed literature
Cognitive
11 compounds · 188 references 35.1 % peer-reviewed literature
Melanocortins
10 compounds · 98 references 37.8 % peer-reviewed literature
Oral AAS
9 compounds · 230 references 39.1 % peer-reviewed literature
GLP-1 agonists
8 compounds · 122 references 37.7 % peer-reviewed literature
SARMs
8 compounds · 199 references 38.2 % peer-reviewed literature
Trenbolone
3 compounds · 75 references 38.7 % peer-reviewed literature
Nandrolone
2 compounds · 50 references 44.0 % peer-reviewed literature

Each compound entry carries population pharmacokinetic parameters, route options, dose-range cohorts, mechanism summaries, evidence-quality grading, interaction flags and a literature reference list. The reference set per compound has a median of 23 entries, a mean of 18.2 and a range of 2 to 41, and every entry is enumerated in the reference index below.

09Per-compound research profiles1 subsection

Evidence grade against corpus mix

LiteratureRegulatoryPractitionerField record
strong41.7%
moderate39.8%
emerging38.7%
limited65.9%
anecdotal35.5%
Milligram’s evidence grade on the left, the reference mix behind it on the right. Literature share runs 41.7 percent at strong, 39.8 at moderate, 38.7 at emerging and 35.5 at anecdotal. The 9 compounds graded limited run 65.9 percent, on 41 references between them. The two measures move close to independently.

197 compounds carry a long-form research profile alongside the parametric data set. Each profile is structured around three voice tiers, clinical-published, community-aggregated and named-individual, which keeps the signal traceable per claim:

  • Clinical-published research prose. Every claim carries an inline numbered citation that resolves to an entry in the profile’s reference list: DOI, PubMed, NCT, FDA label, EMA assessment, WADA listing or drug monograph.
  • Community-aggregated data. Dose-range cohorts, three named real-world dosing protocols per compound with frequency share and sample size, and self-reported side-effect frequencies. Every aggregated number carries the n it was derived from.
  • Named-individual quotes. Clinicians, researchers and named educators, quoted with attribution and source URL.
  • Sentiment summary. Share positive across mentions over a stated time window, with the sample size disclosed.
  • Regulatory status block. FDA approval dates, WADA listing, compounding-pharmacy regulation milestones, EMA and international regulatory references.
  • Weekly timeline. Week 1, weeks 2 to 3, weeks 4 to 6, weeks 8 to 12, and off cycle.
  • Side-effect split. Clinical, meaning trial derived, and forum, meaning self reported, displayed side by side and never merged.
  • Bloodwork markers. Per-marker interpretation guidance with literature anchors.
  • Practical notes. Reconstitution math, injection site, timing, and storage stability under defined temperature ranges.

9.1 Texture sample, semaglutide research prose

An excerpt showing the clinical-published voice tier, with inline numbered citations resolving to the profile’s sources array:

The pivotal STEP 1 trial (Wilding et al., NEJM 2021, n=1,961, 68 weeks) documented 14.9 % mean body-weight reduction at 2.4 mg/week against 2.4 % on placebo, with 86.4 % of treated participants achieving at least 5 % loss [#5]. STEP 5 (Garvey et al., Nat Med 2022, n=304, 104 weeks) extended that data to the two-year mark with continued treatment. SELECT (Lincoff et al., NEJM 2023, n=17,604) reframed semaglutide beyond weight: in non-diabetic adults with established CVD and BMI at or above 27, semaglutide produced a 20 % relative reduction in 3-point MACE over a mean 39.8 months [#11].

excerpt, semaglutide research profile

The full numbered references array for every compound is enumerated in the per-compound reference index.

10Reasoning layer6 subsections

When a user asks a question in the app, the answer is assembled from the sections above. Every number in it comes back from one of the engines in §01 to §07, evaluated against the parameter set in §03. If an engine cannot return a number, the answer carries no number.

10.1 Computation before language

Numeric outputs surfaced in chat, meaning plasma levels, receptor occupancy, expected weight trajectories, steady-state confidence bands and correlation coefficients across user metrics, are computed by the engines described in §01 to §07 and then returned to the response surface. A claim such as “sitting roughly 224× over the published GIPR EC₅₀” is a division of two numbers, one from the plasma-level engine and one from the panel in §4.1, and both are on this page.

10.2 Confidence bands surface as ranges

For population pharmacokinetic outputs the underlying truth is a band. Population PK parameter uncertainty, CV 25 to 50 % on the three reference compounds, dominates user-data uncertainty by 5 to 10 times, so the layer surfaces percentile ranges (p5 / p50 / p95). A single collapsed estimate would imply a precision the published literature does not carry.

10.3 Statistical discipline at the data layer

Correlation queries return coefficient, sample size, p-value and a low-confidence flag. Below n = 7 the flag fires, the layer is prevented from naming the coefficient in narrative output, and the answer reports that the sample is too small to claim a pattern. The check sits at the call boundary in §08.

10.4 Reference against investigational compounds

For the three GLP-1RA reference compounds, full quantitative output is available: Monte Carlo confidence bands, receptor occupancy fractions, and trajectory comparisons against trial cohorts. For peptides outside that set, including BPC-157, GHK-Cu, MOTS-c, sermorelin, ipamorelin, tesamorelin and every SARM, AAS, PCT and supplement entry, the layer surfaces literature-anchored mechanism, observational dose-range cohorts and per-compound research profile content. The boundary follows the literature: the reference set is where published data supports a quantitative answer.

10.5 Source traceability

Long-form responses on a specific compound resolve to the per-compound research profile described in §09, including its three voice tiers and its numbered reference list. Claims that originate from a research profile trace back to the citation that anchors them, with attribution preserved through the response surface.

10.6 What the reasoning layer is constrained against

  • Synthesising new clinical conclusions from training data alone. Every numeric output anchors to the engines or the published reference set.
  • Estimating pharmacokinetic parameters for compounds without published anchors. Those surface qualitative mechanism and observational cohort framing.
  • Collapsing confidence bands to point estimates. Population uncertainty is preserved in the response.
  • Interpreting correlations below the statistical-significance threshold. The low-confidence flag fires in the data path.
  • Providing medical advice or prescriptive recommendations. Output is observational.
  • Merging clinical, meaning trial-derived, data with self-reported forum data. The two stay distinct end to end.

Answer depth tracks the reference count. A compound with 41 references gets a longer answer than one with 2, and the answer says which it is.

11What this dataset covers that claims data does not4 paragraphs

Real-world peptide and modulator use sits outside the formal clinical-trial system. Randomised controlled trials are not run on off-label peptide protocols, unapproved dosing patterns, or stacks combining several compounds at once, because the regulatory status, the supply chain and the prescribing pathway all preclude controlled capture.

The established real-world evidence sets, meaning Optum, Truveta, Epic Cosmos and Komodo, are built from electronic health records and claims. That is a record of prescribed use of approved products, and the off-label population sits outside the billing systems those sets are assembled from.

Milligram’s data layer records longitudinal dose history, biomarker uploads, weekly subjective ratings, wearable heart-rate and sleep metrics, and progress photographs across that same population, at a granularity claims data does not reach. The difference is the population, and the methodology is the same observational methodology any RWE set uses.

The dataset describes what users do. It does not prescribe what they should do.

IIIThe record

12Full reference list8 subsections · 3,618 refs

Groups A to G are the anchor references behind the engine constants, the receptor panel and the trajectory bands. The per-compound index below holds all 3,581 references across 197 compounds.

A · Pharmacokinetic foundations

  • Gibaldi and Perrier. Pharmacokinetics, 2nd ed., §3.3 (oral multi-compartment) and §10.5 (multi-dose superposition). Marcel Dekker, 1982.
  • Rowland and Tozer. Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Concepts and Applications, §10.5 (steady state and Cavg). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 4th ed.

B · Numerical methods

  • Press et al. Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing, 3rd ed., ch. 17 (Runge–Kutta methods). Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Cash and Karp. A variable-order Runge–Kutta method for initial-value problems. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 16(3):201–222, 1990.
  • Wagner. Saturable Michaelis–Menten kinetics in pharmacokinetics. J Pharm Sci, 1973.
  • Abramowitz and Stegun. Handbook of Mathematical Functions, §26.2.17, the polynomial approximation for the standard normal CDF.
  • Toutain and Bousquet-Mélou. Bioavailability and its assessment: flip-flop kinetics. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2004.

C · Reference-compound population PK and receptor pharmacology

  • Overgaard et al, 2019. Population pharmacokinetics of semaglutide. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. PMC6437231
  • Schneck et al, 2024. Population pharmacokinetics of tirzepatide. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. PMC10962491
  • Coskun et al, 2022. Retatrutide pharmacokinetics and triple GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon agonism. Cell Metabolism. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.001
  • Lau et al, 2015. Discovery of the once-weekly GLP-1 analogue semaglutide. PMID 26308095
  • Willard et al, 2020. Tirzepatide GIPR and GLP-1R EC₅₀ panel, and biased dual agonism. JCI Insight 140532. insight.jci.org/articles/view/140532

D · Clinical-trial pivots

  • Wilding et al, 2021 · STEP-1. Once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity. NEJM, n=1,961, 68 wk. NEJMoa2032183
  • Garvey et al, 2022 · STEP-5. Semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with obesity, 104-week extension. Nature Medicine, n=304. s41591-022-02026-4
  • Marso et al, 2016 · SUSTAIN-6. Semaglutide cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. NEJM, n=3,297. NEJMoa1607141
  • Lincoff et al, 2023 · SELECT. Semaglutide MACE reduction in a non-diabetic cardiovascular disease population. NEJM, n=17,604. NEJMoa2307563
  • Perkovic et al, 2024 · FLOW. Semaglutide kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes with CKD. NEJM, n=3,533. NEJMoa2403347
  • Jastreboff et al, 2022 · SURMOUNT-1. Tirzepatide in adults with obesity. NEJM, n=2,539, 72 wk. NEJMoa2206038
  • Jastreboff et al, 2023 · Retatrutide Phase 2. Triple agonist retatrutide Phase 2 in obesity. NEJM, n=338, 48 wk. NEJMoa2301972
  • Aronne et al, 2025 · SURMOUNT-5. Tirzepatide against semaglutide, head to head: 20.2 % against 13.7 %. NEJM. NEJMoa2416394

E · Renal function

  • Cockcroft and Gault, 1976. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. The FDA-preferred form for drug-dosing decisions.
  • Inker et al, 2021. New creatinine and cystatin C based equations to estimate GFR without race (CKD-EPI 2021). NEJM. NEJMoa2102953
  • KDIGO 2024. Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, CKD evaluation and management guideline.

F · Cardiovascular wearable cohort

  • Brunetti et al, 2025. GLP-1RA effects on resting heart rate and HRV, a 12-week wearable cohort. American Journal of Physiology, Heart.

G · Regulatory authorities and reference databases

The full reference index

LiteratureRegulatoryPractitionerField record
  • Literature 1,447 74% open
  • Regulatory 540 12% open
  • Practitioner 555 48% open
  • Field Record 1,039 11% open
Every reference behind every compound. The bar is the whole corpus by kind of evidence, with the share of each kind that opens. Filter by compound or by therapeutic class to jump to one.

Per-compound reference index

Every reference behind every compound, grouped by therapeutic class and then by provenance.

Supplements64

Alpha-GPC12

Grade moderate · 7 literature · 3 practitioner · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Lee et al. 2021 · observational association of Alpha-GPC intake with cardiovascular/stroke risk search query
  2. Choline → TMAO pathway and atherosclerosis literature search query
  3. Alpha-GPC pharmacology · choline donor, acetylcholine and phospholipid synthesis search query
  4. Ziegenfuss et al. 2008 and follow-ups · Alpha-GPC and power output (small trials) search query
  5. Alpha-GPC and post-exercise growth-hormone response search query
  6. ASCOMALVA trial · Alpha-GPC (choline alphoscerate) in Alzheimer's, 1,200mg/day search query
  7. Italian clinical trials · choline alphoscerate in cognitive impairment search query
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com Alpha-GPC evidence summary examine.com/…/alpha-gpc
  2. Andrew Huberman · focus and cognitive-enhancement episodes no locator
  3. Examine.com · Alpha-GPC efficacy and safety overview examine.com/…/alpha-gpc
Field Record2
  1. r/Nootropics Alpha-GPC dosing and experience aggregation no locator
  2. r/Supplements Alpha-GPC usage and dosing threads no locator
Aniracetam4

Grade moderate · 3 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Aniracetam pharmacology and AMPA-modulation literature search query
  2. Aniracetam clinical studies in cognitive impairment search query
  3. Aniracetam and anxiolytic / mood-related research search query
Field Record1
  1. r/Nootropics aniracetam dosing and experience aggregation no locator
Apigenin10

Grade emerging · 4 literature · 4 practitioner · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature4
  1. Apigenin aromatase-inhibition / estrogen-receptor modulation (in vitro / animal) search query
  2. Apigenin as a GABA-A benzodiazepine-site ligand · anxiolytic/sedative mechanism search query
  3. Chamomile extract (standardised to apigenin) · sleep/anxiety trials search query
  4. Apigenin aromatase inhibition · cancer/hormone research context search query
Named practitioner4
  1. Examine.com apigenin / chamomile evidence summary examine.com/…/apigenin
  2. Huberman sleep stack · magnesium + theanine + apigenin (~50mg) no locator
  3. Andrew Huberman · sleep toolkit episode (apigenin in the sleep stack) no locator
  4. Examine.com · apigenin efficacy, safety, and aromatase overview examine.com/…/apigenin
Field Record2
  1. r/Nootropics apigenin and sleep-stack experience aggregation no locator
  2. r/Supplements apigenin usage and sleep-stack dosing threads no locator
Ashwagandha (KSM-66)26

Grade strong · 12 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Mishra et al. · Withania somnifera Ayurvedic and modern review pubmed 21407960
  2. Singh et al. · withanolide chemistry and standardization pubmed 30564027
  3. Bonilla et al. 2021 · systematic review of KSM-66 clinical trials pubmed 34777901
  4. Lopresti AL et al. 2019, Medicine (Baltimore) · n=60 RCT, 240mg/day, cortisol/stress outcomes pubmed 31517876
  5. Chandrasekhar K et al. 2012, Indian J Psychol Med · n=64 RCT, 600mg/day, cortisol/anxiety outcomes pubmed 23439798
  6. Salve J et al. 2019, Cureus · n=80 RCT, 300mg BID, sleep outcomes pubmed 32226684
  7. Lopresti AL et al. 2019, Am J Mens Health · n=57 RCT, 600mg/day, T+DHEA-S+vitality in men 40-70 pubmed 30854916
  8. Wankhede S et al. 2015, JISSN · n=57 RCT, 600mg/day, testosterone+strength in resistance-trained men pubmed 26609282
  9. Pratte et al. · ashwagandha mechanism review (HPA axis, GABAergic, 5-HT) pubmed 32305638
  10. Björnsson HK et al. 2020, Liver International · ashwagandha-associated hepatotoxicity case series pubmed 32101678
  11. Speers et al. · preclinical neurochemistry of withanolides pubmed 31742775
  12. van der Hooft et al. · ashwagandha-induced thyrotoxicosis case series pubmed 24371462
Regulatory and registry3
  1. WADA 2026 Prohibited List (ashwagandha not listed) no locator
  2. Health Canada NHPD ashwagandha licensed-claims monograph no locator
  3. NIH LiverTox / DILI Network · ashwagandha hepatotoxicity case-report aggregation no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Andrew Huberman discussion of ashwagandha cycling and emotional-flatness caveat no locator
  2. Peter Attia podcast on adaptogens including ashwagandha no locator
  3. Layne Norton ashwagandha evidence review no locator
  4. Rhonda Patrick adaptogens overview including ashwagandha no locator
  5. Mike Mutzel High Intensity Health ashwagandha episode no locator
Field Record6
  1. r/Supplements ashwagandha thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~250) no locator
  2. r/Nootropics ashwagandha thread aggregation (n=~85) no locator
  3. Cross-subreddit ashwagandha thread aggregation (n=~70) no locator
  4. KSM-66 manufacturer technical and self-affirmed GRAS documentation no locator
  5. r/Supplements long-running thread on ashwagandha emotional blunting no locator
  6. r/Nootropics threads documenting anhedonia after chronic ashwagandha use no locator
Astaxanthin25

Grade moderate · 13 literature · 4 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature13
  1. Ambati RR et al., Mar Drugs 2014 · astaxanthin sources and biosynthesis review pubmed 24642669
  2. Hussein G et al., Biol Pharm Bull · astaxanthin chemistry and antioxidant capacity pubmed 21531596
  3. Goto S et al., Biochim Biophys Acta · singlet oxygen quenching comparison pubmed 17126772
  4. Tominaga K et al., Acta Biochim Pol 2012 · skin photoprotection RCT, n=65, 6mg/day, 16 weeks pubmed 22428137
  5. Davinelli S et al., Mar Drugs 2018 · astaxanthin and skin health review (n=11 trials) pubmed 29614810
  6. Brown DR et al., Front Nutr 2018 · exercise meta-analysis, 9 trials pubmed 29449820
  7. Yoshida H et al., Atherosclerosis 2010 · HDL/TG RCT, n=61, 12 weeks, 12-18mg/day pubmed 20452580
  8. Park JS et al., Nutr Metab 2010 · immune function RCT pubmed 20205737
  9. Mercke Odeberg J et al., Eur J Pharm Sci 2003 · lipid-based formulation bioavailability ~3.7× increase pubmed 14506478
  10. Kim B et al., Nutrients 2018 · astaxanthin and oxidative stress in athletes pubmed 30508838
  11. Choi HD et al., Phytother Res 2011 · astaxanthin lipid metabolism pubmed 21964877
  12. Tominaga K et al., J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017 · additional skin elasticity data pubmed 25856580
  13. Iwabayashi M et al., Anti-Aging Med 2009 · oxidative stress and skin pilot trial pubmed 19470121
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA GRAS notice for Haematococcus pluvialis-derived astaxanthin no locator
  2. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · astaxanthin not listed no locator
  3. EFSA scientific opinion: 8mg/day upper safe intake for general supplementation no locator
  4. ClinicalTrials.gov astaxanthin registry · multiple completed and active trials no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Rhonda Patrick FoundMyFitness astaxanthin discussion no locator
  2. Andrew Huberman supplement protocol mention no locator
  3. Bryan Johnson Blueprint stack · astaxanthin 12mg protocol.bryanjohnson.com
  4. Mark Hyman MD on antioxidants and astaxanthin no locator
  5. Mike Mutzel High Intensity Health astaxanthin discussion youtube.com/@HighIntensityHealth
Field Record3
  1. r/Supplements astaxanthin thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~280) no locator
  2. r/longevity astaxanthin thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~120) no locator
  3. Community brand and dosing consensus (BioAstin, AstaReal, Sports Research most-cited) no locator
Bacopa Monnieri11

Grade strong · 6 literature · 3 practitioner · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature6
  1. Bacopa standardised bacoside extracts (Bacognize/Synapsa) · standardisation and trials search query
  2. Bacopa mechanism · cholinergic/serotonergic modulation, dendritic proliferation, antioxidant search query
  3. Pase et al. · meta-analysis of Bacopa on human memory search query
  4. Kongkeaw et al. · systematic review of Bacopa and cognition search query
  5. Bacopa 12-week RCTs · delayed-recall / consolidation time course search query
  6. Bacopa gastrointestinal adverse-effect profile search query
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com Bacopa monnieri evidence summary examine.com/…/bacopa-monnieri
  2. Examine.com · Bacopa efficacy and safety overview examine.com/…/bacopa-monnieri
  3. Rhonda Patrick · FoundMyFitness cognition discussion no locator
Field Record2
  1. r/Nootropics Bacopa dosing and experience aggregation no locator
  2. r/Supplements Bacopa usage and dosing threads no locator
Beef Liver Capsules14

Grade moderate · 5 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature5
  1. Beef liver micronutrient density · copper, choline, folate, riboflavin search query
  2. Heme iron bioavailability and liver in iron-deficiency repletion search query
  3. Choline intake inadequacy and rich dietary sources including liver search query
  4. Preformed vitamin A (retinol), hypervitaminosis A, and pregnancy teratogenicity search query
  5. Iron overload / hemochromatosis and dietary heme iron caution search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · desiccated liver as a whole-food supplement no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · beef liver not listed no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Nutrient profile of beef liver (B12, retinol, heme iron, copper, choline, folate) no locator
  2. Dr. Paul Saladino · organ meats and desiccated liver youtube.com/@PaulSaladinoMD
  3. Examine.com discussion of organ meats and liver nutrition no locator
Field Record4
  1. r/Supplements beef liver capsule thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/ScientificNutrition organ-meat / desiccated-liver discussion no locator
  3. r/Supplements community discussion on brand variability and grass-fed sourcing no locator
  4. r/Carnivore desiccated-liver usage and dosing threads no locator
Beta-Alanine15

Grade strong · 5 literature · 2 regulatory · 1 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature5
  1. Trexler ET et al., JISSN 2015 · ISSN position stand on beta-alanine pubmed 26175657
  2. Derave W et al. · Beta-alanine, carnosine and exercise performance pubmed 20091069
  3. Harris RC et al. · Muscle carnosine loading with beta-alanine pubmed 16868650
  4. Beta-alanine paraesthesia and MrgprD receptor mechanism search query
  5. Hobson RM et al., Amino Acids 2012 · Beta-alanine meta-analysis pubmed 22270875
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · beta-alanine as dietary supplement no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · beta-alanine not listed at any level no locator
Named practitioner1
  1. Examine.com beta-alanine evidence summary examine.com/…/beta-alanine
Field Record7
  1. r/Supplements beta-alanine thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Fitness beta-alanine discussion aggregation no locator
  3. r/bodybuilding beta-alanine usage threads no locator
  4. r/Supplements community consensus on beta-alanine dosing no locator
  5. Greg Nuckols / Stronger By Science · beta-alanine review no locator
  6. Layne Norton · beta-alanine commentary no locator
  7. r/running middle-distance beta-alanine discussion no locator
Betaine Anhydrous (TMG)14

Grade moderate · 4 literature · 2 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature4
  1. Cholewa JM et al. · Betaine supplementation and body composition/performance pubmed 23967897
  2. Betaine, homocysteine remethylation and one-carbon metabolism literature search query
  3. Betaine and strength/power resistance-training trials search query
  4. Betaine effects on LDL cholesterol and triglycerides at higher doses search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA · betaine anhydrous as dietary supplement and as Rx drug for homocystinuria no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · betaine not listed at any level no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Examine.com betaine mechanism + evidence summary examine.com/…/betaine
  2. Examine.com betaine evidence summary examine.com/…/betaine
Field Record6
  1. r/Supplements betaine / TMG thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Fitness betaine ergogenic discussion no locator
  3. r/longevity TMG / methylation discussion no locator
  4. r/Supplements community consensus on betaine/TMG dosing no locator
  5. Layne Norton · betaine commentary no locator
  6. Menno Henselmans · betaine evidence review no locator
Caffeine Anhydrous14

Grade strong · 4 literature · 2 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature4
  1. Guest NS et al., JISSN 2021 · ISSN position stand on caffeine and exercise pubmed 33388079
  2. Caffeine pharmacokinetics, adenosine antagonism and ergogenic mechanism search query
  3. Guest N et al. · CYP1A2 genotype and caffeine ergogenic response pubmed 29509641
  4. Caffeine tolerance, deload, and withdrawal literature search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA guidance on pure/highly concentrated caffeine sold to consumers no locator
  2. WADA · caffeine on monitoring program, not prohibited no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Andrew Huberman · caffeine, adenosine, and timing no locator
  2. Examine.com caffeine evidence summary examine.com/…/caffeine
Field Record6
  1. r/Supplements caffeine thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Fitness caffeine / pre-workout discussion no locator
  3. r/Nootropics caffeine + L-theanine threads no locator
  4. r/Supplements community consensus on caffeine dosing and tolerance no locator
  5. Greg Nuckols / Stronger By Science · caffeine review no locator
  6. r/running endurance caffeine-timing threads no locator
Calcium AKG (Alpha-Ketoglutarate)25

Grade emerging · 11 literature · 3 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. AKG as 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase co-substrate · mechanism review pubmed 26794591
  2. Krebs cycle intermediates and epigenetic regulation pubmed 30970243
  3. Age-related decline of endogenous AKG in humans pubmed 27062929
  4. Asadi Shahmirzadi A. et al., Cell Metabolism 2020 · Buck Institute Ca-AKG mouse healthspan extension pubmed 32877690
  5. Su Y. et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology 2019 · AKG and stem-cell maintenance pubmed 30837878
  6. Bayliak MM., Aging and Disease 2017 · AKG and lifespan in invertebrates pubmed 29344439
  7. Niedernhofer LJ. et al., Cell Metabolism 2020 · commentary on Buck Ca-AKG paper pubmed 32877709
  8. Demidenko O. et al., Aging 2021 · n=42 open-label Rejuvant (1g Ca-AKG + 0.4g vitamin A) TruDiagnostic biological-age clock trial pubmed 34847066
  9. Demidenko 2021 · open-label, no placebo arm, no randomization (methods limitations) no locator
  10. Recent review of AKG mechanisms in aging biology pubmed 34234007
  11. Follow-up commentary on Buck Institute mouse healthspan data and translation challenges to humans pubmed 35908809
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA GRAS classification framework for dietary supplements no locator
  2. ClinicalTrials.gov AKG registry · no completed Phase II/III placebo-controlled human RCT as of April 2026 no locator
  3. NIH ODS Vitamin A upper limit · hypervitaminosis-A risk reference for Rejuvant retinyl palmitate co-dose no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Peter Attia AMA · Ca-AKG / Rejuvant skeptical commentary no locator
  2. Bryan Johnson Blueprint protocol · Ca-AKG inclusion at 2g/day protocol.bryanjohnson.com
  3. Mike Mutzel · High Intensity Health longevity stack review youtube.com/@HighIntensityHealth
Field Record8
  1. r/longevity Ca-AKG thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~280) no locator
  2. r/Supplements Ca-AKG thread aggregation (n=~120) no locator
  3. r/Nootropics Ca-AKG thread aggregation (n=~80) no locator
  4. Rejuvant by Ponce de Leon Health · leading branded Ca-AKG product no locator
  5. EU regulation of AKG as a food supplement no locator
  6. Aubrey de Grey commentary on AKG human evidence no locator
  7. Lucas Aoun · Boost Your Biology podcast Ca-AKG episode no locator
  8. Community dosing math and storage stability consensus no locator
CBN (Cannabinol)13

Grade emerging · 4 literature · 1 regulatory · 1 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature4
  1. CBN as oxidative degradation product of THC; minor-cannabinoid pharmacology search query
  2. 2023/24 RCT (industry-funded, TruCBN) · CBN 25/50/100mg vs 4mg melatonin vs placebo pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC11357382
  3. CUPID insomnia trial protocol · CBN 30mg vs 300mg, next-day function endpoint pubmed 37612115
  4. TruCBN sleep trial preprint (industry-funded) medrxiv.org/…/2023.11.07.23298230v1.f…
Regulatory and registry1
  1. Congressional Research Service · intoxicating hemp-derivative legal analysis congress.gov/…/R48637
Named practitioner1
  1. Reference summary on CBN evidence (thin/emerging) no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/CBD CBN sleep-product experience aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/sleep CBN discussion aggregation (placebo/entourage confound noted) no locator
  3. Leafly · Ethan Russo on the weak evidence that CBN alone is sedating leafly.com/…/is-cbn-cannabinoid-seda…
  4. CBN legal status · hemp-derived gray area under the 2018 Farm Bill, state patchwork harborcityhemp.com/is-cbn-legal
  5. 2023 RCT (industry-funded) · 20mg CBN reduced sleep disturbance in poor sleepers norml.org/…/clinical-trial-nighttim…
  6. CBN cross-reactivity / drug-test considerations hellobatch.com/…/does-cbn-show-on-drug-t…
  7. Full-spectrum CBN products and trace-THC drug-test risk naturalwayscbd.com/…/cbn-drug-test
CDP-Choline (Citicoline)10

Grade moderate · 5 literature · 3 practitioner · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature5
  1. Citicoline safety and tolerability in human trials search query
  2. Citicoline mechanism · choline + cytidine/uridine and membrane phospholipid synthesis search query
  3. McGlade et al. · citicoline and attention in healthy women search query
  4. Citicoline and attention/psychomotor speed in adolescent males search query
  5. Silveri et al. · citicoline and brain phosphocreatine / membrane turnover on MRS search query
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com citicoline (CDP-choline) evidence summary examine.com/…/citicoline
  2. Examine.com · citicoline efficacy and safety overview examine.com/…/citicoline
  3. Andrew Huberman · focus and cognitive-enhancement episodes no locator
Field Record2
  1. r/Nootropics citicoline dosing and experience aggregation no locator
  2. r/Supplements citicoline usage and dosing threads no locator
Collagen Peptides16

Grade moderate · 7 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Collagen peptide absorption, bioactive di/tripeptides, and synthesis-signaling hypothesis search query
  2. Systematic review of collagen peptides for skin elasticity and hydration (2021) search query
  3. Randomized controlled trials of hydrolyzed collagen for skin aging search query
  4. Discussion of industry funding in collagen supplement trials search query
  5. Shaw et al. · collagen + vitamin C and connective-tissue collagen synthesis search query
  6. Collagen peptides and hydrolysate for joint pain / osteoarthritis search query
  7. Collagen peptides and nail growth / brittleness (limited hair data) search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA / GRAS classification · hydrolyzed collagen as a food protein no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · collagen not listed no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Collagen amino-acid profile and incomplete-protein status no locator
  2. Examine.com collagen evidence summary examine.com/…/collagen
  3. Dr Dray (dermatologist) · collagen supplements for skin youtube.com/@DrDrayzday
Field Record4
  1. r/Supplements collagen peptide thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/SkincareAddiction collagen supplement experience threads no locator
  3. r/Supplements community discussion on marine vs bovine collagen no locator
  4. Layne Norton · collagen protein quality and connective-tissue use no locator
Creatine25

Grade strong · 10 literature · 2 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Kreider RB et al., JISSN 2017 · ISSN position stand on creatine pubmed 28615996
  2. Persky AM, Brazeau GA · Clinical pharmacology of creatine pubmed 12701815
  3. de Souza et al. · Creatinine vs cystatin C in athletes pubmed 31375111
  4. Cystatin C as kidney marker in supplement users pubmed 22031477
  5. Forbes SC et al., Nutrients 2022 · Creatine in women review pubmed 33800439
  6. Avgerinos KI et al., Exp Gerontol 2018 · Cognition meta-analysis pubmed 29704637
  7. Candow DG et al., JISSN 2019 · Creatine in older adults pubmed 31477349
  8. Antonio J et al., JISSN 2021 · Common questions about creatine pubmed 33557850
  9. Cognitive dose-response · 10g/day data pubmed 29704637
  10. Van der Merwe et al. 2009 rugby DHT study (the source of the hair-loss claim, never replicated) pubmed 19741313
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · creatine as GRAS dietary supplement no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · creatine not listed at any level no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Peter Attia · The Drive podcast on creatine no locator
  2. Andrew Huberman · supplements episode no locator
  3. Mary Claire Haver · creatine for women in menopause youtube.com/@MaryClaireHaver
  4. Mike Israetel · supplements that actually work youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
  5. Examine.com creatine evidence summary examine.com/…/creatine
Field Record8
  1. r/Supplements creatine thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1,400) no locator
  2. r/Fitness creatine megathread aggregation no locator
  3. r/bodybuilding creatine usage threads no locator
  4. r/Supplements community consensus on loading vs no-loading no locator
  5. Layne Norton · creatine monohydrate review no locator
  6. r/XXFitness creatine adoption threads (women's emerging usage) no locator
  7. r/Nootropics creatine cognitive-use threads no locator
  8. r/longevity creatine longevity discussion no locator
Electrolyte Powder16

Grade strong · 7 literature · 2 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Sweat sodium losses, plasma volume, and rehydration in exercise search query
  2. Magnesium status, supplementation, and muscle cramps search query
  3. Exercise-associated hyponatremia and sodium replacement search query
  4. Sodium-glucose cotransport and oral rehydration water absorption search query
  5. Ketogenic diet, insulin, renal sodium/water excretion ('keto flu') search query
  6. Low-carb adaptation and electrolyte supplementation search query
  7. Potassium load, hyperkalemia risk, and kidney/heart disease caution search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · electrolyte drink mix as a supplement/functional food no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · electrolytes not listed no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Roles and intake considerations for sodium, potassium, and magnesium no locator
  2. Dr. Dom D'Agostino · ketogenic diet and electrolyte replacement no locator
  3. Andrew Huberman · electrolytes, hydration, and performance no locator
  4. Examine.com electrolytes and hydration evidence summary no locator
Field Record3
  1. r/keto electrolyte powder thread aggregation (keto flu, sodium dosing) no locator
  2. r/Supplements electrolyte / hydration powder threads (last 12 months) no locator
  3. r/Supplements community discussion on sodium dose and sugar content across brands no locator
Fadogia Agrestis25

Grade anecdotal · 7 literature · 4 regulatory · 7 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Yakubu MT et al., J Ethnopharmacol 2008 · central rat testicular toxicity paper at higher doses pubmed 18472241
  2. Yakubu MT et al. · aphrodisiac activity of Fadogia agrestis stem extract in male rats pubmed 16763784
  3. Yakubu MT et al., Asian J Androl 2005 · testosterone elevation in rats, dose-dependent pubmed 16110354
  4. Yakubu MT et al., Pharmacogn Res 2009 · follow-up mechanism / hepatic enzyme work pubmed 21808573
  5. Sparse mechanism literature · Fadogia constituent characterization pubmed 22978765
  6. Fadogia agrestis phytochemistry review pubmed 24445843
  7. PubMed search confirming the Yakubu Ilorin group authored the majority of preclinical literature search query
Regulatory and registry4
  1. ClinicalTrials.gov registry · zero completed or registered Phase II/III human trials as of April 2026 no locator
  2. FDA warning letters issued to Fadogia-containing testosterone products for unsupported claims no locator
  3. FDA NDI/GRAS pathway for novel dietary ingredients no locator
  4. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · Fadogia agrestis not listed no locator
Named practitioner7
  1. Examine.com Fadogia evidence summary · independent literature review examine.com/…/fadogia-agrestis
  2. Huberman Lab podcast · Fadogia 600 mg + Tongkat 400 mg stack discussion, 8-on/2-4-off cycling no locator
  3. Peter Attia AMA · skeptical position on Fadogia given lack of human data no locator
  4. Layne Norton Biolayne YouTube · Fadogia evidence review, skeptical voice no locator
  5. Lucas Aoun Ergogenic Health · Fadogia practical episode youtube.com/@LucasAounErgogenic
  6. Mike Israetel RP Strength · Fadogia bloodwork-aware cycling commentary youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
  7. Independent stack analysis of the Fadogia + Tongkat Ali pairing no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/Supplements Fadogia agrestis thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~280) no locator
  2. r/Testosterone Fadogia thread aggregation (n=~140) no locator
  3. r/Hubermanlab Fadogia + Tongkat stack discussions (n=~120) no locator
  4. r/Nootropics Fadogia agrestis thread aggregation (n=~80) no locator
  5. r/Hubermanlab cycling consensus (8-on/4-off anchored to rat toxicity data) no locator
  6. Forum consensus on batch-to-batch and vendor-to-vendor variability of Fadogia stem extract no locator
  7. r/biohackers Fadogia thread aggregation no locator
Finasteride28

Grade strong · 14 literature · 5 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature14
  1. Gormley GJ et al. 1990 · finasteride PK and DHT suppression dose-response pubmed 8200374
  2. Kaufman KD et al. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998 · foundational Propecia RCT (n=1,553) pubmed 9777765
  3. Kaufman KD et al. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001 · pooled 2-year Propecia data (combined n=1,879) pubmed 12196747
  4. Finasteride 5-year extension cohort data (n=279) pubmed 12196746
  5. Belknap SM et al. Ann Pharmacother 2015 · systematic review of finasteride sexual adverse event reporting pubmed 25622196
  6. Irwig MS · early PFS clinical characterisation pubmed 23842008
  7. Ali AK et al. · FDA Adverse Event Reporting System analysis of finasteride pubmed 27439968
  8. Pirola I et al. JCEM 2017 · neurosteroid abnormalities in symptomatic former finasteride users pubmed 28324054
  9. Trüeb RM Ann Dermatol 2024 · PFS update and methodological review pubmed 38197786
  10. Liu J et al. Acta Derm Venereol 2024 · long-term safety cohort analysis pubmed 38770820
  11. Olsen EA et al. · dutasteride vs finasteride scalp DHT suppression comparison pubmed 16635664
  12. Caserini M et al. 2014 · topical vs oral finasteride RCT, scalp DHT and serum impact pubmed 24942511
  13. Thompson IM et al. Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial · PSA suppression by finasteride pubmed 12824459
  14. Finasteride pharmacokinetics, half-life, and 5-AR receptor occupancy kinetics pubmed 9298005
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA Propecia (finasteride 1mg) prescribing information, 1997 approval, current label no locator
  2. FDA Proscar (finasteride 5mg) prescribing information, 1992 approval, current label no locator
  3. FDA 2012 label update · added language acknowledging persistent sexual dysfunction post-discontinuation no locator
  4. WADA · finasteride banned 2005-2008 as masking agent, removed 2009 no locator
  5. FDA · handling precaution for women of childbearing potential no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Derek (More Plates More Dates) · Finasteride deep dive series, including PFS skepticism episodes youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Lucas Aoun / Ergogenic Health · Finasteride and 5-AR inhibitor episode youtube.com/@LucasAoun
  3. Dr. Kyle Gillett · 5-AR inhibitors episode on Gillett Health youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  4. Andrew Huberman · Hair loss / DHT segments referencing finasteride hubermanlab.com
Field Record5
  1. r/tressless thread aggregation · primary hair loss community (last 12 months, n=~2,400 finasteride threads) reddit.com/…/tressless
  2. r/Hairloss thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600 finasteride threads) reddit.com/…/Hairloss
  3. r/PFS · dedicated post-finasteride syndrome community reddit.com/…/PFS
  4. Community protocol consensus on standard 1mg, low-dose, and topical approaches no locator
  5. Dr. William Rassman · BaldingBlog finasteride safety commentary baldingblog.com
Fisetin25

Grade emerging · 13 literature · 2 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature13
  1. Yousefzadeh MJ et al., EBioMedicine 2018 · foundational Mayo Clinic mouse senolytic + lifespan study pubmed 30279143
  2. Maher P, Subcellular Biochemistry 2014 · fisetin neuroprotection mechanistic review pubmed 24288204
  3. Arai Y et al. · fisetin dietary content in strawberries, apples, onions pubmed 23117585
  4. Kimira M et al. · flavonoid intake and food sources pubmed 16910746
  5. Touil YS et al. · fisetin pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, fat-soluble absorption pubmed 29186095
  6. Khan N et al., Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 2013 · fisetin pharmacology and disease prevention review pubmed 22697710
  7. Zhu Y et al. · fisetin senolytic mechanism via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pubmed 29765683
  8. Mahoney SA et al. · fisetin in vascular aging and endothelial senescence pubmed 35422088
  9. Khan N et al., Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 2013 · neuroprotective flavonoid review pubmed 22697710
  10. Maher P, Subcellular Biochemistry 2014 · fisetin in neurodegeneration pubmed 24288204
  11. Wood KH et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024 · systematic review of 184 preclinical fisetin studies pubmed 38983921
  12. Hickson LJ et al. · first human dasatinib + quercetin senolytic trial (reference for senolytic clinical methodology) pubmed 31230796
  13. Kirkland JL, Tchkonia T · clinical strategies and rationale for senolytic pulse-dosing pubmed 32998140
Regulatory and registry2
  1. Mayo Clinic Phase 2 trial · Fisetin in Frailty (elderly women), 20mg/kg x 2 days monthly clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT03675724
  2. Mayo Clinic Phase 2 trial · Fisetin in CKD, 20mg/kg x 2 days monthly clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT03430037
Named practitioner4
  1. Peter Attia · The Drive podcast senolytics segment no locator
  2. Andrew Huberman · flavonoid pulse-dosing segment no locator
  3. Bryan Johnson Blueprint protocol · fisetin entry protocol.bryanjohnson.com
  4. Rhonda Patrick · FoundMyFitness senolytics deep-dive foundmyfitness.com/…/senolytics
Field Record6
  1. r/longevity Fisetin thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~620 across subs) no locator
  2. r/Supplements Fisetin thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Nootropics Fisetin thread aggregation no locator
  4. David Sinclair · Lifespan podcast senolytics episode no locator
  5. Community storage and shelf-life consensus no locator
  6. Community discussion of replicating Mayo Clinic 20mg/kg dosing no locator
Glycine25

Grade strong · 11 literature · 3 regulatory · 6 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Meléndez-Hevia E. et al., 2009 · glycine synthesis vs metabolic demand pubmed 19566778
  2. De Paz-Lugo P. et al., 2018 · glycine deficit for collagen synthesis pubmed 29021870
  3. Lopez-Corcuera B. et al. · glycine receptor pharmacology review pubmed 15252029
  4. Hernandes M.S., Troncone L.R. · NMDA glycine-B site pubmed 19444817
  5. Yamadera W. et al., Sleep Biol Rhythms 2007 · 3g glycine pre-bed RCT onlinelibrary.wiley.com/…/j.1479-8425.2007.00262.x
  6. Bannai M., Kawai N., J Pharmacol Sci 2012 · glycine sleep mechanism review pubmed 22293292
  7. Nguyen D. et al., Am J Clin Nutr 2014 · glycine + NAC restores GSH synthesis in older adults pubmed 24500155
  8. Kumar P. et al., Clin Transl Med 2021 · GlyNAC 24-week RCT in older adults (n=24) pubmed 33747235
  9. Sekhar R.V. et al., J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023 · GlyNAC long-term follow-up pubmed 36740735
  10. Heresco-Levy U. et al. · high-dose glycine NMDA-coagonism in schizophrenia (background dose-response) pubmed 10357735
  11. Razak M.A. et al. · glycine safety / tolerability review pubmed 26695132
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA · glycine GRAS designation as a free-form amino acid under DSHEA no locator
  2. FDA April 2026 503A Category 2 difficult-to-compound list (sterile peptides only · glycine not listed) no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List (glycine not listed) no locator
Named practitioner6
  1. Andrew Huberman · Sleep Toolkit, glycine + GABA pre-bed segment no locator
  2. Rhonda Patrick · GlyNAC and the Baylor RCT line no locator
  3. Peter Attia · pre-bed glycine and GlyNAC commentary no locator
  4. Bryan Johnson Blueprint · published evening stack including glycine 2g pre-bed protocol.bryanjohnson.com
  5. Mark Hyman · glycine, collagen, and glutathione discussion no locator
  6. Examine.com · glycine evidence summary across sleep, glutathione, and collagen literatures examine.com/…/glycine
Field Record5
  1. r/Nootropics glycine thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~360) no locator
  2. r/Supplements glycine thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/sleep glycine + sleep-aid thread aggregation no locator
  4. Community dosing form (3g powder pre-bed) and storage stability consensus no locator
  5. r/longevity GlyNAC dosing + bloodwork tracking megathread no locator
Heme Iron Bisglycinate14

Grade strong · 6 literature · 2 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature6
  1. Iron-deficiency anemia · diagnosis, ferritin and TSAT interpretation search query
  2. Iron overload and hereditary hemochromatosis · no excretory pathway search query
  3. Ferrous bisglycinate · absorption and GI tolerability search query
  4. Oral iron GI side effects and adherence · bisglycinate vs ferrous sulfate search query
  5. Stoffel NU et al., Lancet Haematol 2017 · alternate-day iron dosing and absorption/hepcidin pubmed 29032957
  6. Hepcidin response and alternate-day iron dosing search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · iron as dietary supplement no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · iron not listed no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Examine.com iron mechanism, deficiency, dosing, and overload-safety overview examine.com/…/iron
  2. Examine.com iron evidence summary examine.com/…/iron
Field Record4
  1. r/Supplements iron / ferritin thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Anemic iron repletion and tolerability threads no locator
  3. r/Supplements consensus on iron dosing, vitamin C pairing, and re-testing no locator
  4. Layne Norton · iron, ferritin, and not supplementing speculatively no locator
Inositol (Myo + D-Chiro)15

Grade strong · 8 literature · 2 regulatory · 1 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Myo/D-chiro-inositol as inositol-phosphoglycan second messengers in insulin signaling search query
  2. Rationale for the 40:1 myo:D-chiro-inositol ratio and ovarian outcomes search query
  3. Myo-inositol in PCOS · ovulation/insulin meta-analyses search query
  4. Inositol effects on HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in PCOS RCTs search query
  5. Inositol vs metformin in PCOS · efficacy and GI tolerability search query
  6. High-dose myo-inositol for panic disorder and anxiety search query
  7. Inositol vs SSRI comparison in panic disorder search query
  8. Andrea Dunaif · insulin resistance in PCOS pathophysiology search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · inositol as a dietary supplement no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · inositol not listed no locator
Named practitioner1
  1. Examine.com inositol evidence summary examine.com/…/inositol
Field Record4
  1. r/PCOS inositol thread aggregation (40:1, cycle regularity, last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Supplements inositol anxiety/sleep/metabolic threads no locator
  3. r/PCOS community consensus on dose, 40:1 ratio, and time-to-effect no locator
  4. r/Anxiety inositol experience threads (calm/sleep use) no locator
Kanna (Sceletium tortuosum)4

Grade emerging · 2 literature · 1 practitioner · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Sceletium tortuosum pharmacology and standardised-extract literature search query
  2. Zembrin (standardised Kanna extract) randomised and imaging studies search query
Named practitioner1
  1. Examine.com Sceletium tortuosum (Kanna) evidence summary, including interaction cautions examine.com/…/sceletium-tortuosum
Field Record1
  1. r/Nootropics Kanna / Sceletium dosing and experience aggregation no locator
Kava Kava4

Grade moderate · 2 literature · 1 practitioner · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Kava hepatotoxicity literature and extract-type / cultivar safety debate search query
  2. Kava randomised anxiety trials and meta-analyses search query
Named practitioner1
  1. Examine.com kava (Piper methysticum) evidence summary, including the hepatotoxicity discussion examine.com/…/kava
Field Record1
  1. r/Kava · preparation, cultivar and safety community aggregation reddit.com/…/Kava
L-Carnitine4

Grade strong · 3 literature · 1 regulatory

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. L-carnitine L-tartrate (LCLT) exercise-recovery trials search query
  2. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) cognition and neuroprotection literature search query
  3. Carnitine, gut-derived TMAO and cardiovascular-risk debate search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements · Carnitine fact sheet (roles, deficiency, evidence) ods.od.nih.gov/…/Carnitine-HealthProfess…
L-Citrulline14

Grade strong · 3 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Trexler ET et al., 2019 · Citrulline and strength/power meta-analysis pubmed 30895562
  2. L-citrulline, arginine bioavailability, NO and blood flow literature search query
  3. Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM 2010 · Citrulline malate, reps and soreness pubmed 20386132
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · L-citrulline as dietary supplement no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · citrulline not listed at any level no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com citrulline mechanism + evidence summary examine.com/…/citrulline
  2. Examine.com citrulline evidence summary (forms + dose) examine.com/…/citrulline
  3. Andrew Huberman · fitness/supplement toolkit on citrulline no locator
Field Record6
  1. r/Supplements L-citrulline thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Fitness citrulline / citrulline malate discussion no locator
  3. r/bodybuilding citrulline pump-stack threads no locator
  4. r/Supplements community consensus on citrulline dosing and forms no locator
  5. Greg Nuckols / Stronger By Science · citrulline review no locator
  6. r/AdvancedFitness citrulline malate-vs-plain debate threads no locator
L-Theanine12

Grade strong · 7 literature · 3 practitioner · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. L-theanine safety and tolerability in human trials search query
  2. L-theanine and alpha-wave activity on EEG · relaxed alertness search query
  3. L-theanine mechanism · GABA/glutamate/monoamine modulation search query
  4. L-theanine and acute stress/anxiety reduction search query
  5. Caffeine + theanine · improved attention and cognition search query
  6. Theanine blunting caffeine's jitteriness/blood-pressure response search query
  7. L-theanine and sleep quality (via reduced pre-sleep anxiety) search query
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com L-theanine evidence summary examine.com/…/theanine
  2. Andrew Huberman · focus and sleep-toolkit episodes no locator
  3. Examine.com · L-theanine efficacy and safety overview examine.com/…/theanine
Field Record2
  1. r/Nootropics L-theanine dosing and experience aggregation no locator
  2. r/Supplements L-theanine usage and dosing threads no locator
L-Tyrosine10

Grade moderate · 5 literature · 3 practitioner · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature5
  1. L-tyrosine supplementation safety and tolerability search query
  2. Tyrosine as catecholamine precursor · synthesis pathway and BBB transport competition search query
  3. Tyrosine and cognitive performance under cold/acute stress (military/lab studies) search query
  4. Tyrosine and working memory under sleep deprivation / prolonged wakefulness search query
  5. Jongkees et al. · review: tyrosine improves cognition specifically under challenge search query
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com L-tyrosine evidence summary examine.com/…/tyrosine
  2. Andrew Huberman · dopamine and focus episodes no locator
  3. Examine.com · L-tyrosine efficacy and safety overview examine.com/…/tyrosine
Field Record2
  1. r/Nootropics L-tyrosine dosing and experience aggregation no locator
  2. r/Supplements L-tyrosine usage and dosing threads no locator
Lion's Mane25

Grade emerging · 11 literature · 1 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Friedman M., 2015 · chemistry, nutrition, and medicinal properties of Hericium erinaceus pubmed 27481156
  2. Phan CW et al., 2014 · Hericium erinaceus and neurohealth, NGF mechanism review pubmed 24266378
  3. Kawagishi H. et al., 1991 · original hericenone NGF stimulation in vitro pubmed 8104253
  4. Erinacine A blood-brain barrier penetration in rodent models pubmed 26244378
  5. Mori K. et al., Phytother Res 2009 · RCT, n=30, MCI, 3g/day fruiting body × 16 weeks pubmed 18844328
  6. Saitsu Y. et al., Biomed Res 2019 · n=31 healthy older adults, 3.2g/day × 12 weeks pubmed 31413233
  7. Vigna L. et al., Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019 · n=77, mood/anxiety, 1g/day × 8 weeks pubmed 31118969
  8. Nagano M. et al., Biomed Res 2010 · n=30, menopausal women, 2g/day × 4 weeks, anxiety/irritability pubmed 20834180
  9. Chiu CH. et al., Behav Neurol 2018 · erinacine-A-enriched mycelium in mild Alzheimer's pubmed 29951133
  10. Li IC. et al. systematic review · neurohealth applications of Hericium erinaceus pubmed 35105956
  11. Hericium erinaceus and depression · preclinical mechanism review pubmed 32331437
Regulatory and registry1
  1. FDA Generally Recognized as Safe status for lion's mane as a food / supplement no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Huberman Lab podcast · nootropics episode lion's mane segment no locator
  2. Joe Rogan Experience clips discussing Alpha Brain ingredient stack including lion's mane no locator
  3. Lucas Aoun (Boost Your Biology) lion's mane fruiting-body vs mycelium review youtube.com/@LucasAoun
  4. Examine.com aggregated human-trial monograph for lion's mane no locator
Field Record9
  1. r/Nootropics lion's mane thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600) no locator
  2. r/Supplements / r/StackAdvice / r/Mushrooms thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~300) no locator
  3. Community debate on mycelium-on-grain dilution and active-compound standardization no locator
  4. Community consensus on hot-water extract ratios, fruiting body sourcing, dose-per-capsule conventions no locator
  5. Paul Stamets on Hericium erinaceus cognitive use · Fantastic Fungi documentary and TEDMED talk no locator
  6. Mike Mutzel (High Intensity Health) lion's mane and BDNF/NGF discussion no locator
  7. Community storage / shelf-life consensus for fruiting-body and mycelium products no locator
  8. Documented forum subset reporting paradoxical anxiety or brain fog (~6% of threads) no locator
  9. Community threads documenting the ~22% non-responder rate after 8+ weeks of consistent dosing no locator
Magnesium Glycinate19

Grade strong · 10 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Magnesium, NMDA-receptor and GABAergic neurotransmission search query
  2. Population magnesium intake-inadequacy surveys search query
  3. Magnesium form bioavailability and GI tolerability comparison search query
  4. Magnesium bisglycinate absorption and tolerability search query
  5. Magnesium and blood pressure · meta-analysis search query
  6. Magnesium in migraine prophylaxis search query
  7. Magnesium and subjective sleep-quality trials search query
  8. Magnesium and anxiety · systematic review search query
  9. Glycine and sleep-quality literature search query
  10. Serum magnesium as an insensitive marker of total-body status search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · magnesium as dietary supplement no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · magnesium not listed no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com magnesium mechanism, deficiency, and form overview examine.com/…/magnesium
  2. Andrew Huberman · sleep toolkit episode on magnesium forms no locator
  3. Examine.com magnesium evidence summary examine.com/…/magnesium
Field Record4
  1. r/Supplements magnesium thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/sleep magnesium-for-sleep threads no locator
  3. r/Nootropics magnesium anxiety/calm threads no locator
  4. r/Supplements consensus on magnesium forms and elemental dosing no locator
Magnesium L-Threonate12

Grade emerging · 4 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature4
  1. Slutsky I et al., Neuron 2010 · magnesium L-threonate raises brain magnesium and improves learning/memory (rodent) pubmed 20152124
  2. Magnesium, NMDA receptor and synaptic plasticity search query
  3. Magnesium L-threonate cognition trial in older adults (small) search query
  4. Magnesium L-threonate and sleep/anxiety · small studies search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · magnesium as dietary supplement no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · magnesium not listed no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com · magnesium L-threonate evidence and brain-delivery claim examine.com/…/magnesium
  2. Andrew Huberman · sleep toolkit episode on magnesium forms no locator
  3. Examine.com magnesium evidence summary examine.com/…/magnesium
Field Record3
  1. r/Nootropics magnesium L-threonate dosing and cost-vs-glycinate threads no locator
  2. r/Supplements magnesium L-threonate experience aggregation no locator
  3. r/Supplements consensus on magnesium forms and elemental dosing no locator
Melatonin20

Grade strong · 8 literature · 2 practitioner · 10 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor pharmacology and SCN action search query
  2. Melatonin as chronobiotic + human phase-response curve search query
  3. Melatonin for delayed sleep phase disorder and circadian rhythm disorders search query
  4. Zhdanova IV, Wurtman RJ et al., JCEM 2001 · low-dose (0.3mg) vs 3mg melatonin for age-related insomnia pubmed 11600541
  5. Zhdanova IV et al. · low oral doses of melatonin 2-4h before bedtime in normal young humans pubmed 8843534
  6. Herxheimer A, Petrie KJ · Cochrane review CD001520, melatonin for jet lag (0.5mg vs 5mg similarly effective) pubmed 11406003
  7. Ferracioli-Oda E et al., PLoS ONE 2013 · meta-analysis, melatonin for primary sleep disorders (~7 min onset reduction) pubmed 23691095
  8. Erland LAE, Saxena PK · JCSM 2017, melatonin supplement content variability (-83% to +478% of label) + serotonin contamination pubmed 28095966
Named practitioner2
  1. Huberman Lab cautionary stance on routine melatonin (hormone framing) no locator
  2. Examine.com melatonin evidence summary examine.com/…/melatonin
Field Record10
  1. r/sleep melatonin dosing and experience aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Supplements melatonin thread aggregation no locator
  3. Melatonin regulatory status by country (US OTC, UK/EU/AU prescription or low-dose) legalclarity.org/is-melatonin-banned-in-…
  4. MIT / Wurtman · low physiologic dose effective; high-dose receptor desensitization news.mit.edu/…/melatonin
  5. Community consensus on low-dose vs high-dose and jetlag timing no locator
  6. Andrew Huberman · melatonin regular-use cautionary Q&A no locator
  7. Matthew Walker · melatonin as a timing signal, not a sleep generator no locator
  8. Sleep Foundation · melatonin side-effect profile sleepfoundation.org/…/melatonin-side-effects
  9. Mayo Clinic · melatonin daytime sleepiness, headache, dizziness, nausea no locator
  10. r/Nootropics melatonin and circadian discussion no locator
Metformin15

Grade emerging · 7 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Observational metformin survival signal in diabetics (the origin of the longevity hypothesis) search query
  2. Metformin mechanism (AMPK, hepatic glucose output) and geroscience rationale search query
  3. Barzilai et al., Cell Metabolism 2016 · Metformin as a Tool to Target Aging (TAME rationale) search query
  4. Justice JN et al., GeroScience 2018 · TAME Biomarkers Workgroup framework pubmed 30151729
  5. Konopka AR et al., Aging Cell 2019 · metformin inhibits mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic exercise in older adults pubmed 30548390
  6. Konopka group, J Appl Physiol 2025 · mechanistic follow-up (BCL6B-associated angiogenic program) pubmed 40695624
  7. Extended-release metformin GI tolerability vs immediate-release search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA metformin label · indications, GI/B12/lactic-acidosis warnings, renal dosing no locator
  2. TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) · design/funding status (not yet enrolling) no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Peter Attia · cooled stance on metformin for longevity; exercise-adaptation concern peterattiamd.com/metformin-and-longevity
  2. Michael Lustgarten · metformin longevity-evidence analyses no locator
  3. Examine.com / reference summary on metformin examine.com/…/metformin
Field Record3
  1. r/longevity metformin longevity-use aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Biohackers metformin off-label discussion no locator
  3. r/PeterAttia metformin longevity debate aggregation no locator
Methylated B-Complex14

Grade strong · 7 literature · 2 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. L-methylfolate (5-MTHF) and active folate metabolism search query
  2. MTHFR C677T polymorphism and reduced enzyme activity search query
  3. Methylfolate vs folic acid · clinical relevance in MTHFR variants search query
  4. B vitamins lower homocysteine · trials search query
  5. B12 deficiency, neurological risk, and folate masking search query
  6. Homocysteine-lowering and (largely null) cardiovascular outcomes search query
  7. High-dose vitamin B6 and sensory peripheral neuropathy search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · B vitamins as dietary supplements no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · B vitamins not listed no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Examine.com B-complex mechanism, forms, and evidence overview examine.com/…/vitamin-b-complex
  2. Examine.com B-complex evidence summary examine.com/…/vitamin-b-complex
Field Record3
  1. r/Supplements methylated/active B-complex thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/MTHFR methylfolate dosing and over-methylation threads no locator
  3. r/Supplements consensus on B-complex composition and dosing no locator
Minoxidil (Oral)24

Grade strong · 11 literature · 4 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Sinclair RD 2018 · LDOM in female AGA, n=100 case series, Australas J Dermatol pubmed 29143332
  2. Vañó-Galván S et al. 2021 · LDOM safety multicenter cohort, n=1404, JAAD pubmed 33639244
  3. Buhl AE et al. · minoxidil sulfate as active metabolite, JID pubmed 9301646
  4. Goren A et al. · SULT1A1 enzymatic activity and minoxidil response prediction pubmed 24786978
  5. Messenger AG, Rundegren J · minoxidil mechanism in hair growth, Br J Dermatol pubmed 15191545
  6. Jimenez-Cauhe J et al. 2019 · LDOM safety review, JAAD pubmed 30447313
  7. Beach RA et al. 2022 · LDOM 5mg vs topical 5% minoxidil RCT, n=90, JAAD pubmed 35718173
  8. Pirmez R et al. 2020 · LDOM 1mg in female AGA, n=68, JAAD pubmed 32135208
  9. Randolph M, Tosti A 2021 · LDOM clinical review for AGA, JAAD pubmed 34774658
  10. Panchaprateep R, Lueangarun S 2022 · LDOM dosing review pubmed 36029969
  11. Campese VM 1981 · minoxidil mechanism in hypertension, original cardiovascular profile pubmed 3973760
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA Loniten label, original 1979 approval and revisions no locator
  2. DailyMed minoxidil oral tablet prescribing info no locator
  3. WADA prohibited list · minoxidil not listed no locator
  4. FDA topical minoxidil approval history (2% 1988, 5% 1991) no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates LDOM deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Brett Stetka MD · hair-loss specialist commentary no locator
  3. Lucas Aoun / Ergogenic Health · minoxidil discussion youtube.com/@LucasAoun-BYB
  4. Gillett Health LDOM episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
Field Record5
  1. r/tressless oral minoxidil thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1100) no locator
  2. r/Hairloss oral minoxidil thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600) no locator
  3. r/Minoxidil oral subroute thread aggregation no locator
  4. r/HairTransplants LDOM as adjunct discussion no locator
  5. William Rassman MD · BaldingBlog LDOM clinical commentary baldingblog.com
NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine)15

Grade strong · 6 literature · 3 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature6
  1. NAC pharmacology and glutathione-precursor mechanism review search query
  2. NAC in acetaminophen/paracetamol overdose · standard-of-care evidence search query
  3. NAC as mucolytic in chronic bronchitis/COPD · Cochrane review search query
  4. Grant et al. · NAC in trichotillomania (2009) and later replications search query
  5. NAC, glutamate modulation, and obsessive-compulsive / psychiatric adjunct use search query
  6. NAC and male fertility / sperm-parameter meta-analyses search query
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA position and enforcement-discretion guidance on NAC as a dietary supplement (2020-2022) no locator
  2. FDA-approved NAC drug labeling (mucolytic / acetaminophen overdose) no locator
  3. WADA prohibited list · NAC not listed no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com N-acetylcysteine evidence summary examine.com/…/n-acetylcysteine
  2. Andrew Huberman · NAC / glutathione discussion no locator
  3. Rhonda Patrick / FoundMyFitness · glutathione and cysteine donors no locator
Field Record3
  1. r/Supplements NAC thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Nootropics NAC mood/OCD-adjacent experience threads no locator
  3. r/Supplements community consensus on NAC dosing and use cases no locator
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)15

Grade moderate · 5 literature · 1 regulatory · 1 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature5
  1. NAD+ decline with age; sirtuin/PARP substrate role (mechanistic rationale) search query
  2. Limited human-outcome NAD+/precursor trial evidence (thin outcome data) search query
  3. NR/NMN raise blood NAD+; NMN insulin-sensitivity signal (Yoshino et al.) search query
  4. Sinclair NMN/NAD+ longevity position (precursor focus, COI noted) search query
  5. Comparison of IV NAD+ vs oral NR tolerability/pharmacology pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC12907335
Regulatory and registry1
  1. FDA exclusion of NMN from supplement definition Nov 2022 no locator
Named practitioner1
  1. Examine.com NR / NAD+ precursor evidence summary examine.com/…/nicotinamide-riboside
Field Record8
  1. r/longevity NAD+ / precursor / IV discussion aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Biohackers NAD+ IV and oral-precursor experience aggregation no locator
  3. Nautilus · Charles Brenner, 'The Longevity Skeptic' (NR proponent, NMN skeptic) nautil.us/the-longevity-skeptic-3…
  4. FDA reinstates NMN as a lawful dietary supplement (late 2025) nutraingredients.com/…/fda-reinstates-ndi-stat…
  5. IV NAD+ infusion-reaction side effects and the 'go slow' mitigation restore.com/…/nad-iv-therapy-side-eff…
  6. NMN component detail page · in-app cross-reference (oral precursor) no locator
  7. Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) detail page · in-app cross-reference (oral precursor) no locator
  8. r/Nootropics NAD+ cognitive/energy-use discussion no locator
NADH4

Grade emerging · 3 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Small trials of oral NADH in chronic fatigue syndrome search query
  2. NAD+ precursors (NMN/NR) and aging · context distinguishing precursors from NADH search query
  3. NADH studies in Parkinson's disease and cognition (small/mixed) search query
Field Record1
  1. r/Nootropics and r/Supplements threads on NADH vs NAD+ precursors no locator
Nicotinamide Riboside25

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 4 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Bieganowski P, Brenner C. Cell 2004 · discovery of NR-NRK pathway as NAD+ precursor pubmed 15137942
  2. Trammell SA et al. Nat Commun 2016 · foundational human PK study (n=12, 100-1000mg single dose) pubmed 27721479
  3. Brenner C. Cell Metab 2018 · review of NAD+ precursor biology pubmed 29742395
  4. Martens CR et al. Nat Commun 2018 · 6-week NR raises NAD+ + lowers BP in older adults (n=24 crossover RCT) pubmed 29581547
  5. Conze D et al. Sci Rep 2019 · 8-week NR safety + tolerability trial (n=140, up to 1000mg/day) pubmed 30760215
  6. Dollerup OL et al. J Physiol 2020 · 12 weeks 1000mg BID, null insulin-sensitivity / muscle endpoints (n=40) pubmed 31879358
  7. Remie CME et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2020 · 6-week NR null insulin sensitivity (n=13 crossover) pubmed 32492144
  8. Brakedal B et al. Cell Metab 2022 · NADPARK, NR in early Parkinson's (small exploratory positive) pubmed 30700013
  9. Airhart SE et al. PLoS One 2017 · earlier NR PK + tolerability work pubmed 30530661
  10. Elhassan YS et al. Cell Rep 2019 · NR effects on aged human muscle metabolome pubmed 31735664
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA April/May 2026 503A Category 2 status (NR not included; NR is a supplement, not a compounded peptide) no locator
  2. FDA New Dietary Ingredient notification, ChromaDex Niagen, 2016 (brand context only, not primary efficacy) no locator
  3. Niagen GRAS self-affirmation (brand context only, not primary efficacy) no locator
  4. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · NR not included no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Huberman Lab podcast · NAD+ + NR episode featuring Charles Brenner no locator
  2. Peter Attia · NAD+ precursor discussion no locator
  3. Bryan Johnson Blueprint protocol · NR listed as documented daily supplement protocol.bryanjohnson.com
  4. Rhonda Patrick FoundMyFitness · NAD+ + NR discussion no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/longevity NR thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~400) no locator
  2. r/Nootropics NR thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~250) no locator
  3. r/Supplements NR thread aggregation no locator
  4. Long-running r/longevity NR vs NMN cost / bioavailability comparison thread no locator
  5. r/Biohackers NR thread aggregation no locator
  6. r/longevity threads documenting personal NAD+ assay results on NR no locator
  7. Brenner Lab institutional publications page (central NR research lineage) no locator
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)25

Grade moderate · 9 literature · 4 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Yoshino J et al., Cell Metab 2018 · NAD+ intermediates review pubmed 29459421
  2. Rajman L et al., Cell Metab 2018 · therapeutic potential of NAD-boosting molecules pubmed 30951617
  3. Imai S, Guarente L · NAD+ and sirtuins in aging review pubmed 27508875
  4. Mills KF et al., Cell Metab 2016 · long-term NMN in aged mice (Sinclair lab foundational) pubmed 27818143
  5. Yoshino M et al., Science 2021 · NMN improves muscle insulin sensitivity in pre-diabetic women, n=25 pubmed 33888596
  6. Igarashi M et al., NPJ Aging 2022 · NMN in healthy older adults, n=42 pubmed 35927352
  7. Pencina KM et al., Aging Cell 2023 · MIB-626 NMN in older adults pubmed 36692884
  8. Yamaguchi S et al., Endocr J 2024 · long-term safety of NMN in Japanese cohort pubmed 38538322
  9. Irie J et al. 2020 · NMN single-dose pharmacokinetics in humans, n=10 pubmed 31685720
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA NDI letter reversing earlier NMN supplement acknowledgement after MIB IND filing no locator
  2. FDA drug exclusion clause / DSHEA framework as applied to NMN no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List (NMN not listed) no locator
  4. ClinicalTrials.gov NMN registry · Phase III hard-endpoint trial absence no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Peter Attia AMA on NAD+ precursors no locator
  2. Andrew Huberman NAD+ / NMN episode no locator
  3. Bryan Johnson Blueprint stack · NMN entry protocol.bryanjohnson.com
  4. Rhonda Patrick FoundMyFitness NAD+ coverage no locator
  5. Mike Mutzel (High Intensity Health) · NAD+ / NMN coverage youtube.com/@HighIntensityHealth
Field Record7
  1. r/longevity NMN thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1,100) no locator
  2. r/Nootropics NMN thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Biohackers NMN cycle / dose-response threads no locator
  4. David Sinclair · Lifespan Podcast personal stack disclosure no locator
  5. r/longevity NAD+ blood-test result aggregation no locator
  6. r/longevity TMG co-supplementation discussion no locator
  7. r/Supplements NMN brand and bioavailability discussions no locator
Omega-3 Fish Oil19

Grade strong · 10 literature · 1 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. AHA Science Advisory · omega-3 for hypertriglyceridemia (Skulas-Ray et al., 2019) pubmed 30019301
  2. Specialised pro-resolving mediators and omega-3 inflammation resolution search query
  3. Omega-3 and triglyceride-lowering meta-analyses search query
  4. Bhatt DL et al., REDUCE-IT, NEJM 2019 · icosapent ethyl 4g/day pubmed 30415628
  5. Nicholls SJ et al., STRENGTH, JAMA 2020 · mixed EPA/DHA 4g/day (null) pubmed 33190147
  6. Manson JE et al., VITAL, NEJM 2019 · omega-3 1g/day primary endpoint pubmed 30415637
  7. EPA-predominant omega-3 in depression · meta-analyses search query
  8. Omega-3 and rheumatoid arthritis joint-symptom evidence search query
  9. Fish-oil oxidation / market-quality surveys search query
  10. High-dose omega-3 and atrial fibrillation signal · meta-analysis search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. WADA prohibited list · omega-3 not listed no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Examine.com fish oil mechanism and evidence overview examine.com/…/fish-oil
  2. Rhonda Patrick · omega-3 index deep dive no locator
  3. Peter Attia · The Drive on omega-3 dosing and oxidation no locator
  4. Examine.com fish oil evidence summary examine.com/…/fish-oil
Field Record4
  1. r/Supplements omega-3 thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Nootropics omega-3 cognition/mood threads no locator
  3. r/PeterAttia omega-3 index discussion no locator
  4. r/Supplements EPA vs DHA and dosing consensus no locator
Phenibut5

Grade moderate · 3 literature · 1 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Phenibut pharmacology · GABA-B agonism and CNS effects search query
  2. Phenibut dependence and withdrawal case literature search query
  3. Phenibut GABA-B receptor mechanism research search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. FDA warning letters on phenibut as an unlawful supplement ingredient no locator
Field Record1
  1. r/Phenibut · dosing, frequency-cap and withdrawal community aggregation reddit.com/…/Phenibut
Phenylpiracetam5

Grade anecdotal · 3 literature · 1 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Phenylpiracetam (Carphedon) pharmacology and preclinical literature search query
  2. Phenotropil clinical studies (predominantly Russian trials) search query
  3. Phenylpiracetam in stroke / asthenia populations search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. WADA prohibited list · carphedon/phenylpiracetam banned in-competition no locator
Field Record1
  1. r/Nootropics phenylpiracetam dosing, tolerance and experience aggregation no locator
Pterostilbene26

Grade moderate · 12 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. McCormack D, McFadden D · Oxid Med Cell Longev 2013, A Review of Pterostilbene Antioxidant Activity and Disease Modification pubmed 23691264
  2. Pterostilbene natural occurrence in blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium pubmed 16317758
  3. Remsberg CM et al. · Phytother Res 2008, Pharmacometrics of pterostilbene pubmed 18044787
  4. Kapetanovic IM et al. · Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011, Pharmacokinetics + bioavailability comparison vs resveratrol pubmed 20859741
  5. Pterostilbene SIRT1/AMPK/Nrf2 mechanism review pubmed 24371338
  6. Joseph JA et al. · J Agric Food Chem 2008, Pterostilbene reverses age-related cognitive decline in aged rats pubmed 18211020
  7. Pterostilbene anti-inflammatory rodent models pubmed 22336140
  8. Riche DM et al. · J Toxicol 2014, Analysis of Safety from a Human Clinical Trial with Pterostilbene (8-week RCT, LDL increase documented) pubmed 24009296
  9. Riche DM et al. companion analysis · pterostilbene effects on lipids, glucose, CRP, BP pubmed 24065018
  10. Pterostilbene human bioavailability study pubmed 19770673
  11. Pterostilbene oral bioavailability + tissue distribution review pubmed 26393986
  12. Pterostilbene methylation effect on glucuronidation clearance · mechanism for longer half-life vs resveratrol pubmed 30219251
Regulatory and registry2
  1. Independent GRAS panel affirmation, 2010 no locator
  2. WADA 2026 Prohibited List (pterostilbene not listed) no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Bryan Johnson Blueprint stack · pterostilbene listed at 100mg/day protocol.bryanjohnson.com
  2. Rhonda Patrick, FoundMyFitness · stilbenoid PK + sirtuin discussion no locator
  3. Examine.com pterostilbene evidence-based supplement monograph no locator
Field Record9
  1. r/longevity pterostilbene thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Nootropics + r/Supplements + r/Biohackers thread aggregation no locator
  3. pTeroPure (>99% pure pterostilbene) · retail supplement ingredient overview no locator
  4. r/longevity NMN + pterostilbene stacking discussions no locator
  5. r/Nootropics resveratrol-vs-pterostilbene comparison megathread no locator
  6. r/Biohackers Sinclair-stack discussion threads no locator
  7. David Sinclair, Lifespan podcast · sirtuin activators discussion no locator
  8. Lucas Aoun, Boost Your Biology · sirtuin activators episode no locator
  9. Mike Mutzel, High Intensity Health · Riche 2014 LDL signal segment no locator
Rapamycin (Sirolimus)15

Grade emerging · 7 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. mTORC1 vs mTORC2 selectivity and the intermittent-dosing rationale search query
  2. Sustained mTORC2 inhibition and glucose intolerance / insulin resistance search query
  3. Moel M, Harinath G et al., Aging (Albany NY) 2025 · PEARL trial (NCT04488601), 48-week low-dose intermittent rapamycin pubmed 40188830
  4. Coleman AE, Creevy KE, ... Kaeberlein M, GeroScience 2025 · TRIAD (Test of Rapamycin In Aging Dogs) protocol pubmed 39951177
  5. Mannick et al. · mTOR inhibition improving vaccine response in older adults (immunomodulation argument) search query
  6. NIA Interventions Testing Program · rapamycin lifespan extension in mice search query
  7. Sirolimus-associated aphthous stomatitis / mouth ulcers (the dose-dependent signature effect) search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA sirolimus label · indications, mouth ulcers, lipids, glucose, cytopenias, monitoring no locator
  2. PEARL trial registry entry (placebo vs 5mg vs 10mg weekly rapamycin) clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT04488601
Named practitioner3
  1. Peter Attia · rapamycin episode (~6mg/week, weekly dosing rationale, caveats) peterattiamd.com/davidsabatini-mattkaebe…
  2. Matt Kaeberlein · evidence-first rapamycin stance, personal frozen-shoulder course no locator
  3. Reference summary on rapamycin / sirolimus for longevity no locator
Field Record3
  1. r/longevity rapamycin off-label longevity-use aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Biohackers rapamycin dosing and experience aggregation no locator
  3. r/rapamycin community · weekly dosing, mouth-ulcer dose-gauge, supervision consensus reddit.com/…/rapamycin
Reishi Mushroom12

Grade emerging · 5 literature · 1 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature5
  1. Reishi triterpenes/ganoderic acids · proposed calming/GABAergic mechanism (preclinical) search query
  2. RCT · reishi beta-1,3/1,6-D-glucan immune effects (T-cells, NK, IgA) in healthy adults pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC9914031
  3. Jin X et al., Cochrane Review 2016 (CD007731.pub3) · Ganoderma lucidum for cancer (adjunct, low-quality evidence) pubmed 28083078
  4. Reishi quality/standardization · fruiting body vs mycelium, beta-glucan content search query
  5. Reishi hepatotoxicity case literature (predominantly powdered forms) pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC10599861
Named practitioner1
  1. Examine.com · Ganoderma lucidum evidence summary (modest, mostly low-quality human data) examine.com/…/reishi
Field Record6
  1. r/Nootropics reishi (lingzhi) experience aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Supplements reishi calm/sleep/immune discussion aggregation no locator
  3. Reishi side effects, interactions (anticoagulants, antihypertensives), cautions rxlist.com/…/reishi_mushroom.htm
  4. Reishi dosing and clinical-use reference drugs.com/…/reishi-mushroom.html
  5. Reishi benefits/dosing overview (consumer reference) healthline.com/…/reishi-mushroom-benefits
  6. r/Mushrooms / functional-mushroom reishi quality and dual-extraction discussion no locator
Rhodiola Rosea12

Grade moderate · 7 literature · 3 practitioner · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. SHR-5 standardised extract · rosavins/salidroside standardisation and trials search query
  2. Rhodiola adaptogen mechanism · HPA axis, cortisol, monoamine pathways search query
  3. Darbinyan et al. · Rhodiola and mental fatigue in night-call physicians search query
  4. Rhodiola in stressed students/workers · fatigue and work capacity search query
  5. Rhodiola in stress-related fatigue / burnout search query
  6. Rhodiola vs sertraline in mild-to-moderate depression search query
  7. Rhodiola and exercise/endurance performance (mixed acute trials) search query
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com Rhodiola rosea evidence summary examine.com/…/rhodiola-rosea
  2. Examine.com · Rhodiola efficacy and safety overview examine.com/…/rhodiola-rosea
  3. Rhonda Patrick · FoundMyFitness adaptogens discussion no locator
Field Record2
  1. r/Nootropics Rhodiola dosing and experience aggregation no locator
  2. r/Supplements Rhodiola usage, dosing and cycling threads no locator
SLU-PP-3328

Grade emerging · 4 literature · 1 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature4
  1. SLU-PP-332 literature · preclinical/rodent only, no human trials search query
  2. Billon C et al., ACS Chem Biol 2023 · synthetic ERR agonist induces acute aerobic-exercise response, enhances exercise capacity (mice) pubmed 36988910
  3. Billon C et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024 · synthetic ERR agonist alleviates metabolic syndrome (~12% body-weight loss, obese mice) pubmed 37739806
  4. ERR expression in cardiac tissue (basis for the unevaluated cardiac-safety concern) search query
Named practitioner1
  1. Reference framing · research-chemical purity/identity/safety caveats no locator
Field Record3
  1. Research-chem forum SLU-PP-332 experience aggregation (small thread set, last 12 months) no locator
  2. Research-chemical community SLU-PP-332 discussion (self-report, heavy caveats) no locator
  3. Press coverage · 'exercise in a pill' SLU-PP-332 mouse study medicalxpress.com/…/2023-09-exercise-mimick…
Sodium Bicarbonate13

Grade strong · 2 literature · 2 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Grgic J et al., 2021 · Sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance meta-analysis pubmed 33677732
  2. Sodium bicarbonate GI distress, split-dose and enteric-coating literature search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA · sodium bicarbonate as GRAS food ingredient and OTC antacid no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · sodium bicarbonate not listed no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Examine.com sodium bicarbonate mechanism + evidence + GI mitigation examine.com/…/sodium-bicarbonate
  2. Examine.com sodium bicarbonate evidence summary examine.com/…/sodium-bicarbonate
Field Record7
  1. r/Supplements sodium bicarbonate thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/running middle-distance bicarbonate discussion no locator
  3. r/Fitness sodium bicarbonate ergogenic threads no locator
  4. r/Supplements community consensus on bicarbonate dosing and GI strategy no locator
  5. Greg Nuckols / Stronger By Science · bicarbonate review no locator
  6. Asker Jeukendrup · sodium bicarbonate practical dosing no locator
  7. r/AdvancedFitness bicarbonate + beta-alanine co-dosing threads no locator
Spermidine25

Grade moderate · 11 literature · 4 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Madeo F. et al. Science 2018 · spermidine and autophagy review pubmed 29853507
  2. Madeo F. et al. · polyamines and aging review pubmed 31089118
  3. Pucciarelli S. et al. · spermidine endogenous decline with age pubmed 30543041
  4. Eisenberg T. et al. Nat Cell Biol 2009 · autophagy mechanism in yeast/flies/worms pubmed 19801973
  5. Eisenberg T. et al. Nat Med 2016 · mouse lifespan extension and cardioprotection pubmed 27841876
  6. Kiechl S. et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2018 · Bruneck Study observational mortality pubmed 29955838
  7. Schwarz C. et al. Cell Rep Med 2020 · SmartAge trial 12-month cognitive RCT pubmed 33087935
  8. Schwarz C. et al. 2018 · SmartAge feasibility pilot pubmed 30315886
  9. Pekar T. et al. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2021 · older adults open-label pubmed 33772659
  10. Madeo F. et al. · spermidine cardiovascular review pubmed 30923284
  11. Soda K. · spermidine dietary intake and mortality systematic review pubmed 31474574
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA GRAS pathway documentation for wheat germ spermidine extract no locator
  2. EFSA novel food safety review for spermidine wheat germ extract no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · spermidine not listed no locator
  4. EFSA safety opinion on wheat germ spermidine · tolerable upper intake no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Huberman Lab autophagy episode with spermidine segment no locator
  2. Peter Attia supplement framework podcast / blog no locator
  3. Rhonda Patrick FoundMyFitness spermidine deep dive no locator
  4. Bryan Johnson Blueprint protocol · supplement stack protocol.bryanjohnson.com
Field Record6
  1. r/longevity spermidine thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~360) no locator
  2. r/Supplements spermidine thread aggregation (n=~260) no locator
  3. r/Nootropics spermidine thread aggregation no locator
  4. Lifespan podcast · David Sinclair on autophagy and CR mimetics no locator
  5. r/Biohackers spermidine sourcing + dosing threads no locator
  6. r/longevity spermidine megathread · dose consensus reddit.com/…/spermidine_megathread
Spore-Based Probiotic15

Grade moderate · 7 literature · 2 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Bacillus spore-forming probiotics and survival through gastric transit search query
  2. Probiotic safety, strain-specificity, and at-risk-population caution search query
  3. Bacillus coagulans randomized trials for IBS / bloating search query
  4. Bacillus coagulans abdominal-pain and immune-endpoint studies search query
  5. Spore-blend probiotic and post-meal endotoxemia / gut-barrier study search query
  6. Bacillus clausii in antibiotic-associated and acute diarrhea search query
  7. Probiotic-associated bacteremia in immunocompromised / critically ill patients search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · probiotics as dietary supplements no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · probiotics not listed no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Overview of probiotic genera including spore-forming Bacillus no locator
  2. Examine.com probiotics evidence summary (Bacillus strains) no locator
Field Record4
  1. r/Supplements spore-based probiotic thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Microbiome spore / Bacillus probiotic experience threads no locator
  3. r/Microbiome community discussion on strain identity and CFU variability no locator
  4. Tim Spector / ZOE · microbiome individuality and probiotic strain-specificity no locator
Sulbutiamine4

Grade emerging · 3 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Sulbutiamine pharmacology and central thiamine literature search query
  2. Sulbutiamine clinical studies in asthenia / fatigue search query
  3. Sulbutiamine and dopaminergic / motivation-related research search query
Field Record1
  1. r/Nootropics sulbutiamine dosing, tolerance and experience aggregation no locator
Tadalafil (Cialis)25

Grade strong · 9 literature · 5 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Forgue ST et al. · Tadalafil pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects (Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006) pubmed 15743379
  2. Porst H et al. · Cialis once-daily 5mg RCT, n=393 (J Sex Med 2008) pubmed 18761597
  3. Roehrborn CG et al. · Tadalafil for BPH lower urinary tract symptoms (J Urol 2008) pubmed 18804105
  4. Mostafa T · PDE5 inhibitors and protective endothelial effects (J Sex Med 2008) pubmed 18430619
  5. Kloner RA · PDE5 inhibitors and cardiovascular safety review (Am J Cardiol 2014) pubmed 24012023
  6. Carson CC et al. · Tadalafil long-term safety (BJU Int 2004) pubmed 15043621
  7. McMahon C · Daily tadalafil dosing efficacy review pubmed 16422843
  8. Egerdie RB et al. · Tadalafil + finasteride combo for BPH pubmed 22487306
  9. Brock GB et al. · Tadalafil dose-response and patient preference review pubmed 18373540
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA Cialis prescribing information (full label) accessdata.fda.gov/…/021368s020lbl.pdf
  2. FDA Adcirca (tadalafil 40mg) approval for pulmonary arterial hypertension no locator
  3. FDA generic tadalafil ANDA approvals (Sep 2018) no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List · tadalafil is permitted in and out of competition no locator
  5. European Medicines Agency Cialis assessment report no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates Cialis-on-TRT YouTube discussion youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Peter Attia podcast / blog · PDE5 inhibitor coverage no locator
  3. Huberman Lab · vascular health and PDE5 inhibitors no locator
  4. Gillett Health TRT optimization episode · daily tadalafil discussion youtube.com/@GillettHealth
Field Record7
  1. r/Testosterone tadalafil thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1100) no locator
  2. r/PEDs tadalafil thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~720) no locator
  3. r/erectiledysfunction tadalafil thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~640) no locator
  4. r/longevity tadalafil thread aggregation no locator
  5. Community dosing + sourcing consensus threads no locator
  6. r/MoreplatesMoredates tadalafil discussion threads no locator
  7. Tadalafil professional drug monograph (drugs.com) no locator
Taurine13

Grade moderate · 3 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Waldron M et al., Sports Med 2018 · Taurine and endurance performance review pubmed 29546641
  2. Taurine, oxidative stress and exercise-induced muscle damage literature search query
  3. Singh P et al., Science 2023 · Taurine deficiency and ageing (animal models) pubmed 37289866
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · taurine as dietary supplement / food ingredient no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · taurine not listed at any level no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com taurine mechanism + evidence summary examine.com/…/taurine
  2. Examine.com taurine evidence summary examine.com/…/taurine
  3. Peter Attia · The Drive on taurine and longevity caveats no locator
Field Record5
  1. r/Supplements taurine thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Fitness taurine / pre-workout discussion no locator
  3. r/longevity taurine discussion (post-2023 animal study) no locator
  4. r/Supplements community consensus on taurine no locator
  5. r/Nootropics taurine calm/sleep-use threads no locator
Telmisartan13

Grade strong · 11 literature · 2 regulatory

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Yusuf S et al., NEJM 2008 · ONTARGET, telmisartan versus ramipril versus both, n=25,620 pubmed 18378520
  2. Mann JFE et al., Lancet 2008 · ONTARGET renal outcomes substudy, combination therapy worse pubmed 18707986
  3. Yusuf S et al., Lancet 2008 · TRANSCEND, telmisartan versus placebo in ACE-intolerant patients, primary endpoint not met pubmed 18757085
  4. Benson SC, Kurtz TW et al., Hypertension 2004 · telmisartan as partial PPAR-gamma agonist pubmed 15007034
  5. Pershadsingh HA, Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2006 · review crediting irbesartan with comparable PPAR-gamma activity pubmed 16298156
  6. Benndorf RA et al., Metabolism 2006 · reduced insulin and HOMA-IR, adiponectin unchanged pubmed 16919533
  7. Negro R et al., J Endocrinol Invest 2006 · telmisartan versus irbesartan in obese insulin-resistant hypertensives pubmed 17259791
  8. Watanabe Y et al., Intern Med 2010 · randomised trial in type 2 diabetes, primary analysis negative pubmed 20823643
  9. Kratochvilova S et al., Magn Reson Imaging 2015 · euglycemic clamp and MRS, no improvement in insulin action pubmed 26523653
  10. NIA Interventions Testing Program, GeroScience 2026 · atorvastatin-telmisartan did not extend lifespan in mice pubmed 41843349
  11. Israili ZH, J Hum Hypertens 2000 · ARB class pharmacology and telmisartan volume of distribution pubmed 10854085
Regulatory and registry2
  1. MICARDIS (telmisartan) FDA prescribing information · pharmacokinetics, indications, boxed warning, dosing dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/…/drugInfo.cfm
  2. WADA Prohibited List · angiotensin receptor blockers not prohibited wada-ama.org/…/prohibited-list
Tianeptine5

Grade anecdotal · 3 literature · 1 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Tianeptine pharmacology, including mu-opioid agonism and antidepressant mechanism search query
  2. Tianeptine abuse, dependence, withdrawal and overdose case literature search query
  3. Tianeptine mu-opioid receptor agonism research search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. FDA consumer updates and safety alerts on tianeptine ('gas station heroin') no locator
Field Record1
  1. r/quittingtianeptine · harm-reduction and cessation community aggregation reddit.com/…/quittingtianeptine
Tongkat Ali25

Grade moderate · 7 literature · 4 regulatory · 6 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Rehman SU et al., 2016 · Eurycoma longifolia mechanism and pharmacology review pubmed 26004861
  2. Bhat R, Karim AA, 2010 · Tongkat Ali ethnobotany and quassinoid chemistry pubmed 24139586
  3. Tambi MI et al., Andrologia 2012 · n=109 LOH men, 200mg Physta x 12 weeks, T elevation pubmed 21671978
  4. Talbott SM et al., J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013 · n=63, cortisol -16% / T +37% at 200mg Physta x 4 weeks pubmed 23705671
  5. Henkel RR et al., Phytother Res 2014 · n=25 middle-aged men, 400mg/day x 5 weeks, ergogenic + ED pubmed 23754792
  6. Chen CK et al., J Diet Suppl 2019 · Tongkat Ali ergogenic outcomes review pubmed 30580667
  7. Ulbricht C et al., J Diet Suppl 2013 · Tongkat Ali safety/pharmacology systematic review pubmed 23713626
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA dietary supplement regulatory framework · Tongkat Ali sold OTC no locator
  2. Physta and LJ100 NDI notification status no locator
  3. FDA April/May 2026 Category 2 peptide list · Tongkat Ali NOT included (not a peptide) no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List · Eurycoma longifolia not listed no locator
Named practitioner6
  1. Andrew Huberman discussing his 400mg Tongkat protocol and cycling cadence no locator
  2. JRE appearance where Huberman discusses Tongkat + Fadogia stack no locator
  3. Peter Attia AMA segment discussing Tongkat in patient population no locator
  4. Lucas Aoun on Physta vs LJ100 vs generic powder no locator
  5. Mike Israetel on Tongkat evidence and expectation-setting no locator
  6. Bryan Johnson Blueprint protocol · Tongkat inclusion history protocol.bryanjohnson.com
Field Record8
  1. r/Supplements Tongkat Ali thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~280) no locator
  2. r/Hubermanlab Tongkat + Fadogia thread aggregation (n=~190) no locator
  3. Cross-subreddit Tongkat thread aggregation (n=~150) no locator
  4. Physta extract standardization (eurypeptides, polysaccharides, glycosaponins) no locator
  5. Layne Norton on Tambi 2012 and Talbott 2013 effect-size discussion no locator
  6. r/Hubermanlab consensus thread on the Huberman cycling protocol no locator
  7. r/Supplements community comparison of standardized extracts no locator
  8. r/Testosterone aggregated bloodwork pre and post Tongkat cycles no locator
TUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid)14

Grade strong · 7 literature · 2 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. TUDCA pharmacology and bile-acid pool composition review search query
  2. UDCA/TUDCA hydrophilic bile-acid cytoprotection mechanism search query
  3. TUDCA in cholestasis · clinical and mechanistic studies search query
  4. UDCA in primary biliary cholangitis · approved-indication evidence search query
  5. TUDCA vs UDCA comparative effects on cholestasis markers search query
  6. TUDCA as a chemical chaperone reducing ER stress (preclinical) search query
  7. TUDCA preclinical neuroprotective and metabolic research search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA-approved UDCA/ursodiol drug labeling (gallstones, primary biliary cholangitis) no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · TUDCA not listed no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Examine.com TUDCA evidence summary examine.com/…/tudca
  2. Peter Attia · bile acids and liver health discussion no locator
Field Record3
  1. r/Steroids TUDCA on-cycle liver-support aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/PEDs TUDCA dosing and experience threads no locator
  3. r/Steroids community consensus on on-cycle liver support and TUDCA dosing no locator
Turkesterone10

Grade anecdotal · 3 literature · 3 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Independent content analyses finding ecdysteroid supplements under-/mis-dosed search query
  2. Turkesterone / ecdysteroid mechanism and preclinical literature search query
  3. Isenmann E et al., 2019 · Ecdysterone (not turkesterone) in resistance-trained humans pubmed 31123801
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com turkesterone · evidence gap, mechanism uncertainty, purity caveats examine.com/…/turkesterone
  2. Examine.com turkesterone evidence summary examine.com/…/turkesterone
  3. Derek (More Plates More Dates) · turkesterone evidence + product-testing breakdown youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
Field Record4
  1. r/Supplements turkesterone experience + purity aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Fitness turkesterone 'natural anabolic' discussion no locator
  3. r/moreplatesmoredates turkesterone skepticism + testing threads no locator
  4. r/Supplements community consensus on turkesterone hype vs evidence no locator
Urolithin A25

Grade moderate · 9 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Andreux PA et al. · Nat Metab 2019 · foundational human PK + safety (n=60) pubmed 31123421
  2. Tomás-Barberán FA et al. · ellagitannin → urolithin gut conversion review pubmed 22231209
  3. Singh A et al. · JAMA Netw Open 2022 · pivotal human RCT (n=66, 4mo, muscle endurance + mitochondrial gene expression) pubmed 35499825
  4. Ryu D et al. · Nat Med 2016 · foundational mitophagy mechanism (C. elegans + mouse) pubmed 27400265
  5. Liu S et al. · Cell Rep Med 2022 · middle-aged adult RCT (6-min walk + peak power) pubmed 35584702
  6. D'Amico D et al. · Trends Mol Med 2021 · UroA mitophagy review pubmed 33872361
  7. Heilman J et al. · Food Chem Toxicol 2017 · 90-day rat tox + Ames + micronucleus (GRAS-supporting) pubmed 28428098
  8. Andreux et al. · UroA + skeletal muscle bioenergetics follow-up pubmed 35977969
  9. D'Amico et al. · UroA + immune cell mitophagy pubmed 34272271
Regulatory and registry3
  1. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · Urolithin A not listed no locator
  2. FDA NDI notification database · Mitopure (UroA) NDI status no locator
  3. ClinicalTrials.gov registered UroA / Mitopure trials no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Huberman Lab · UroA / mitophagy episode (Mitopure-sponsored, disclosed) no locator
  2. Peter Attia · personal supplement stack discussion no locator
  3. Bryan Johnson Blueprint protocol · Mitopure 500mg/day listing protocol.bryanjohnson.com
  4. Rhonda Patrick FoundMyFitness · Urolithin A deep dive no locator
  5. Mike Mutzel · High Intensity Health Mitophagy episode youtube.com/@HighIntensityHealth
Field Record8
  1. r/longevity Urolithin A thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~280) no locator
  2. r/Supplements Urolithin A thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Nootropics Urolithin A discussion threads no locator
  4. r/Biohackers Urolithin A / Mitopure discussion no locator
  5. Community dosing consensus + Mitopure brand discussion no locator
  6. Amazentis / Timeline Nutrition · Mitopure manufacturer info (NDI / GRAS-supporting documentation) no locator
  7. r/longevity 4-month Mitopure user self-experiment writeup no locator
  8. Community discussion of ~30-40% endogenous UroA producer rate from gut microbiome no locator
Vitamin C15

Grade strong · 7 literature · 2 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Vitamin C as cofactor for collagen synthesis search query
  2. Vitamin C and non-heme iron absorption search query
  3. Hemilä H, Chalker E · Cochrane review, vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold (2013) pubmed 23440782
  4. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics and saturable absorption search query
  5. High-dose vitamin C · GI effects and oxalate search query
  6. Vitamin C cardiovascular/cancer prevention trials (largely null) search query
  7. High-dose vitamin C cautions · iron overload and G6PD search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · vitamin C as dietary supplement no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · vitamin C not listed no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Examine.com vitamin C mechanism, absorption, and safety overview examine.com/…/vitamin-c
  2. Examine.com vitamin C evidence summary examine.com/…/vitamin-c
Field Record4
  1. r/Supplements vitamin C thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/immunology / cold vitamin C threads no locator
  3. r/SkincareAddiction vitamin C (oral and topical) threads no locator
  4. r/Supplements consensus on vitamin C dosing and forms no locator
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)32

Grade strong · 17 literature · 4 regulatory · 7 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature17
  1. Holick MF · Vitamin D Deficiency. NEJM 2007;357:266-281 (foundational review) pubmed 17634462
  2. Christakos S et al. · Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects. Physiol Rev 2016 pubmed 24494042
  3. Holick MF et al. · Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. JCEM 2011 pubmed 21646368
  4. Bischoff-Ferrari HA et al. · vitamin D and fracture prevention meta-analysis. NEJM 2012 pubmed 24414552
  5. Tripkovic L et al. · Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25(OH)D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2012 pubmed 22552031
  6. Manson JE et al. · Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease (VITAL). NEJM 2019;380:33-44 pubmed 30415629
  7. Hahn J et al. · Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease (VITAL ancillary). BMJ 2022 pubmed 35082139
  8. Bischoff-Ferrari HA et al. · Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation, Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation, or a Strength-Training Exercise Program on Clinical Outcomes (DO-HEALTH). JAMA 2020 pubmed 33180099
  9. Mendelian randomization analyses of 25(OH)D and cardiovascular/cancer endpoints · generally null in non-deficient populations pubmed 32028199
  10. Pilz S et al. · Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Horm Metab Res 2011 pubmed 21154195
  11. Pilz S et al. · Vitamin D testing and treatment: a narrative review. Int J Mol Sci 2019 pubmed 30836894
  12. IOM 2011 · Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D (UL 4000 IU/day for adults) pubmed 21118827
  13. Vitamin D toxicity case report literature review · toxicity at chronic >40,000 IU/day pubmed 29346035
  14. PTH suppression as functional marker of vitamin D adequacy pubmed 22611157
  15. Uwitonze AM, Razzaque MS · Role of Magnesium in Vitamin D Activation and Function. JAOA 2018 pubmed 29093983
  16. Vitamin K2 (MK-7) and bone/cardiovascular endpoints · current evidence base summary pubmed 24489547
  17. Mulligan GB, Licata A · Taking vitamin D with the largest meal improves absorption. J Bone Miner Res 2010 pubmed 20200983
Regulatory and registry4
  1. 21 CFR 184.1950 · vitamin D3 GRAS food additive status ecfr.gov/…/section-184.1950
  2. FDA dietary supplement regulation under DSHEA no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · vitamin D not listed at any concentration no locator
  4. Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline · 30-50 ng/mL optimal range no locator
Named practitioner7
  1. Examine.com vitamin D evidence aggregation (referenced widely in forum dose discussions) no locator
  2. Rhonda Patrick · FoundMyFitness vitamin D topic page (40-60 ng/mL target, K2 framing) foundmyfitness.com/…/vitamin-d
  3. Peter Attia · The Drive: VITAL trial and vitamin D supplementation reassessment no locator
  4. Andrew Huberman · Huberman Lab episode on supplementation, vitamin D segment no locator
  5. Mark Hyman · Doctor's Pharmacy podcast, vitamin D as hormone framing no locator
  6. Bryan Johnson Blueprint published supplement stack (vitamin D3 2000 IU, K2-MK7 100 mcg) protocol.bryanjohnson.com
  7. Examine.com · capsule, softgel, drops dosage form comparison no locator
Field Record4
  1. r/VitaminD thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1,200 threads on dosing, bloodwork, K2 stacking) reddit.com/…/VitaminD
  2. r/Supplements vitamin D thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600 threads) reddit.com/…/Supplements
  3. r/longevity vitamin D + 25(OH)D target threads (last 12 months, n=~300) reddit.com/…/longevity
  4. Community storage / shelf-life consensus for fat-soluble vitamins no locator
Vitamin K2 (MK-7)17

Grade moderate · 9 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Vitamin K2, osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein · review search query
  2. Vitamin K2 and arterial calcification · the 'calcium paradox' search query
  3. MK-7 long half-life vs MK-4 / K1 · pharmacokinetics search query
  4. MK-7 reduces uncarboxylated osteocalcin and dp-ucMGP search query
  5. Knapen MHJ et al., Osteoporos Int 2013 · MK-7 3-year bone-strength RCT in postmenopausal women pubmed 23525894
  6. Knapen MHJ et al. · MK-7 and arterial stiffness RCT pubmed 25694037
  7. Vitamin K2 and cardiovascular outcomes · state of the evidence search query
  8. Vitamin D3 + K2 combination rationale for bone health search query
  9. Vitamin K and warfarin interaction · INR destabilisation search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · vitamin K as dietary supplement no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · vitamin K not listed no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com vitamin K2 mechanism (osteocalcin, MGP) and evidence overview examine.com/…/vitamin-k
  2. Examine.com vitamin K2 evidence summary examine.com/…/vitamin-k
  3. Rhonda Patrick · vitamin K2 and the D3 pairing no locator
Field Record3
  1. r/Supplements vitamin K2 (MK-7) thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Supplements K2-with-D3 pairing threads no locator
  3. r/Supplements consensus on MK-7 dosing no locator
Zinc Picolinate19

Grade strong · 10 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Zinc and immune function · review search query
  2. Zinc picolinate vs other forms · absorption comparison search query
  3. Zinc lozenges and common-cold duration · meta-analysis search query
  4. Zinc acetate and cold-duration trials search query
  5. Oral zinc in acne · clinical trials search query
  6. Zinc and testosterone · deficiency vs replete men search query
  7. Zinc supplementation and testosterone in zinc-replete men search query
  8. Zinc-induced copper deficiency · clinical reviews search query
  9. Severe zinc-induced copper deficiency and myeloneuropathy search query
  10. Zinc:copper ratio and co-supplementation guidance search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA DSHEA classification · zinc as dietary supplement no locator
  2. WADA prohibited list · zinc not listed no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com zinc mechanism, deficiency, and safety overview examine.com/…/zinc
  2. Examine.com zinc evidence summary examine.com/…/zinc
  3. Andrew Huberman · immune system episode on zinc and copper no locator
Field Record4
  1. r/Supplements zinc thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/immunology / cold-and-flu zinc threads no locator
  3. r/SkincareAddiction oral zinc for acne threads no locator
  4. r/Supplements consensus on zinc dosing and copper pairing no locator

GH peptides20

CJC-1295 (no DAC)24

Grade moderate · 9 literature · 3 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Teichman SL et al. JCEM 2006 · CJC-1295 PK/PD in humans (DAC variant) pubmed 16352683
  2. GHRH 1-29 modification chemistry · backbone for CJC-1295 pubmed 12107243
  3. Teichman et al. · DAC half-life ~6-8 days vs no-DAC ~30 min documentation pubmed 16352683
  4. Walker RF · Clinical Interventions in Aging 2006, GH secretagogues review pubmed 18046878
  5. Ionescu M, Frohman LA · JCEM 2006, GHRH+GHRP synergy in humans pubmed 16352684
  6. GHRH analog pulsatile vs sustained release pharmacology pubmed 12107243
  7. Ionescu and Frohman · synergistic GH pulse from GHRH+GHRP co-administration pubmed 16352684
  8. Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW · Sex Med Rev 2018, GH secretagogues for sexual and metabolic indications pubmed 29396305
  9. Sackmann-Sala L, Kelder B · Endocrinology 2009, GHRH analog signaling mechanism pubmed 19819945
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA April 15, 2026 announcement removing CJC-1295 from 503A Category 2 bulks list no locator
  2. Historical 503A Category 2 designation for CJC-1295 (pre-removal) no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List S2 · CJC-1295 banned in and out of competition no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates GHRH analog deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Gillett Health peptides episode covering GHRH analogs youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Ergogenic Health (Lucas Aoun) CJC-1295 explainer youtube.com/@ErgogenicHealth
  4. Huberman Lab peptides episode (GH secretagogues segment) no locator
Field Record8
  1. r/Peptides solo no-DAC thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~340) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks no-DAC solo discussion threads no locator
  3. r/PEDs CJC-1295 no-DAC use case threads no locator
  4. Community consensus on fasted-window dosing for GHRH analogs no locator
  5. Community-reported IGF-1 deltas on solo no-DAC protocols no locator
  6. Community reconstitution math and storage stability for CJC-1295 no-DAC (2mg vial standard) no locator
  7. Community 2mL bac water reconstitution at 1mg/mL standard no locator
  8. Community storage and shelf-life consensus for reconstituted GHRH analogs no locator
CJC-1295 (with DAC)24

Grade moderate · 8 literature · 4 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Teichman SL et al. JCEM 2006 · CJC-1295 weekly dosing PK/PD, n=21 pubmed 16352683
  2. Walker RF Clin Interv Aging 2006 · GHRH analog overview pubmed 17021321
  3. Ionescu M, Frohman LA JCEM 2006 · GHRH analog PK/desensitization pubmed 16414294
  4. GH pulsatility · endogenous secretion pattern review pubmed 3031180
  5. Pulsatile vs sustained GHRH stimulation · receptor signaling pubmed 16809552
  6. Ionescu and Frohman 2006 · receptor desensitization signal pubmed 16414294
  7. Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW. Sex Med Rev 2018 · GHRH/GHRP review pubmed 29449158
  8. GH/IGF-1 chronic elevation · insulin resistance literature review pubmed 22573411
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA 503A bulks list · CJC-1295 Category 2 removal April 2026 no locator
  2. FDA April 2026 503A guidance update no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List, S2 Peptide Hormones no locator
  4. ClinicalTrials.gov CJC-1295 registry (Phase II discontinued) no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates · CJC-1295 DAC vs NoDAC deep dive no locator
  2. Gillett Health GH peptides episode no locator
  3. Huberman Lab · GH and pulsatile release discussion no locator
  4. Peter Attia · GH and aging skepticism no locator
Field Record8
  1. r/Peptides CJC-1295 with DAC thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~620) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks DAC-vs-NoDAC discussion threads no locator
  3. ConjuChem development program overview (DAC mechanism) no locator
  4. r/PEDs pulsatile-vs-sustained debate megathread no locator
  5. Community bloodwork-shared IGF-1 elevation data no locator
  6. Lucas Aoun Boost Your Biology podcast · GH peptides no locator
  7. Community reconstitution math for 2mg / 5mg DAC vials no locator
  8. Community storage / shelf-life consensus for DAC variants no locator
CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin26

Grade moderate · 11 literature · 5 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Teichman SL et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006 · CJC-1295 weekly PK/PD in healthy adults (n=21) pubmed 16352683
  2. Sackmann-Sala L, Kelder B et al., Endocrinology · CJC-1295 effects in animals pubmed 15728810
  3. Raun K et al., Eur J Endocrinol 1998 · Ipamorelin selectivity vs GHRP-6 (no cortisol/prolactin spike) pubmed 9849822
  4. Ipamorelin GHSR-1a selectivity characterization pubmed 15589491
  5. GHRH receptor and somatotrope physiology review pubmed 11815426
  6. Ionescu M, Frohman LA, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006 · GHRH + GHRP synergy pubmed 16940447
  7. Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW, Sex Med Rev 2018 · GH peptides in clinical practice review pubmed 29463325
  8. Walker RF, Clin Interv Aging 2006 · sermorelin / CJC GHRH-analog family review pubmed 18046878
  9. Albumin-binding kinetics of CJC-1295 with DAC · half-life and PK profile pubmed 16670155
  10. GH and counter-regulatory effects on glucose / insulin sensitivity pubmed 14764776
  11. GHRH analog peptide stability and storage characterization pubmed 22748737
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA 503A Category 2 bulks list · April 2026 12-peptide removal including CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin no locator
  2. FDA April 2026 compounding-pharmacy guidance covering CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin no locator
  3. WADA 2024 Prohibited List · S2 covers CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin at all times no locator
  4. WADA athlete reference confirming GHRH analogs and GHRP / ghrelin agonists banned in and out of competition no locator
  5. ClinicalTrials.gov registry for CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin (no completed Phase II/III stack trial as of April 2026) no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Huberman Lab GH and hormones discussion no locator
  2. Peter Attia The Drive episode covering GH peptides in longevity context no locator
  3. More Plates More Dates Ipamorelin / CJC-1295 deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  4. Gillett Health podcast · GH peptides episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  5. Lucas Aoun (Boost Your Biology) · CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin breakdown youtube.com/@BoostYourBiology
Field Record5
  1. r/Peptides CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1150) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks GH-secretagogue thread aggregation no locator
  3. Community reconstitution math (5mg vial standard, 2-2.5mL bac water) no locator
  4. r/Peptides cycle-length consensus thread for GH secretagogues no locator
  5. Community reconstituted-shelf-life consensus for GH secretagogues no locator
Follistatin-31524

Grade emerging · 9 literature · 5 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Lee SJ et al., PNAS 2010 · Regulation of muscle mass by follistatin and activins pubmed 20810921
  2. Schuelke M et al., NEJM 2004 · Myostatin mutation associated with gross muscle hypertrophy in a child pubmed 15215484
  3. Kota J et al., Sci Transl Med 2009 · Follistatin gene therapy in non-human primate DMD model pubmed 19890118
  4. Mendell JR et al., Mol Ther 2017 · AAV-FollistatinLink in Becker muscular dystrophy pubmed 27832589
  5. Lach-Trifilieff E et al., Sci Transl Med 2014 · ActRII antibody bimagrumab pharmacology pubmed 24598081
  6. Cardiac and oncology safety review of myostatin/activin inhibitors pubmed 29691406
  7. Myostatin and activin in cardiac structural remodeling · animal data review pubmed 26443286
  8. Activin A tumor-suppressor activity and clinical implications pubmed 28236394
  9. Biochemistry review distinguishing FST-315 serum form from FST-288 tissue-bound form no locator
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA 503A bulks list · Follistatin-315 removal April 15, 2026 no locator
  2. Coda Biotherapeutics early-stage follistatin gene therapy trial no locator
  3. Fortify Health AAV-follistatin muscular dystrophy program no locator
  4. WADA 2025 Prohibited List · myostatin inhibitors named under S2 no locator
  5. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · Follistatin-315 and Follistatin-288 explicitly listed no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates Follistatin-315 video no locator
  2. Mike Israetel Renaissance Periodization peptides episode no locator
  3. Tony Huge Enhanced Athlete Follistatin self-experimentation log no locator
  4. Lucas Aoun Boost Your Biology Follistatin episode no locator
Field Record6
  1. r/Peptides Follistatin-315 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~520) no locator
  2. r/PEDs Follistatin thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Steroids Follistatin and myostatin inhibitor discussion no locator
  4. Community reconstitution and dosing consensus thread no locator
  5. r/MoreplatesMoredates Follistatin cycle and wash-out discussion no locator
  6. Community storage and reconstituted shelf-life consensus no locator
GHRP-224

Grade moderate · 9 literature · 3 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Bowers CY et al., JCEM 1990 · original GHRP-2 characterization and GH-secretagogue activity pubmed 2117022
  2. GHRP / GHRH synergy mechanism · Bowers and follow-on work pubmed 8636474
  3. Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW · Sex Med Rev 2018, peptide therapy review (GHRP-2 vs Ipamorelin positioning) pubmed 29396373
  4. Roumi M et al., Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2001 · GHRP-2 pharmacokinetics in humans (t1/2 ~15-20min) pubmed 11679009
  5. Massoud AF et al., Clin Endocrinol 1996 · GHRP-2 effects on GH, prolactin, cortisol, ACTH pubmed 8654319
  6. Follow-on dose-response work on GHRP-2 prolactin/cortisol spillover pubmed 9329346
  7. Raun K et al. · Ipamorelin selectivity profile (no prolactin/cortisol elevation) pubmed 9849822
  8. Pihoker C et al., JCEM 1997 · intranasal GHRP-2 in children with idiopathic short stature pubmed 9329345
  9. Bowers · synergy mechanism between GHRPs and GHRH analogs (companion JCEM 1990 paper) pubmed 2117022
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA 503A bulks-list status · GHRP-2 placed in Category 2 (insufficient data) review no locator
  2. FDA April 15 2026 · Category 2 GHRPs (including GHRP-2) explicitly removed from compounding pharmacy access no locator
  3. WADA · GHRP-2 prohibited under S2 (Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors and Related Substances), year-round no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Huberman Lab peptides episode · GHS / GHRP segment no locator
  2. More Plates More Dates · GH-secretagogue comparison video youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  3. Gillett Health peptide secretagogue episode (Ipamorelin vs GHRP-2 positioning) youtube.com/@GillettHealth
Field Record9
  1. r/Peptides GHRP-2 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~620) no locator
  2. r/PEDs GHRP-2 thread aggregation (cross-pollinated with r/steroids) no locator
  3. Community reconstitution math (5mg vial standard, 2mL bac water → 2.5mg/mL) no locator
  4. r/Peptides comparison megathread (sleep onset, appetite differences vs Ipa and GHRP-6) no locator
  5. r/PeptideStacks synergy-stack results thread no locator
  6. Lucas Aoun / BYB Performance / Ergogenic Health Podcast · GH peptides episode ergogenichealth.com.au/podcast
  7. r/Peptides thread compiling user IGF-1 / prolactin / cortisol bloodwork on GHRP-2 no locator
  8. Community storage / shelf-life consensus (lyophilized + reconstituted) no locator
  9. Peer-reviewed stability discussion (lyophilized 24mo at -20C, reconstituted 14-30d at 4C) no locator
GHRP-625

Grade moderate · 11 literature · 3 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Bowers CY et al., Endocrinology 1984 · original GHRP-6 discovery and characterization pubmed 6094344
  2. Korbonits M et al., JCEM 1995 · GHRP-6 vs GHRP-2 comparative GH-pulse pharmacology pubmed 7714085
  3. Ghigo E et al., Eur J Endocrinol 1994 · GHRP-6 acute pharmacology in healthy adults pubmed 8033342
  4. Ghrelin and GHS-R1a · orexigenic mechanism (Tschop et al., Nature 2000) pubmed 11089570
  5. Cortisol and prolactin spillover with GHRP class · clinical pharmacology review pubmed 7649076
  6. Raun K et al., Eur J Endocrinol 1998 · Ipamorelin selectivity vs GHRP-6 reference pubmed 9849822
  7. Frieboes RM et al., Neuroendocrinology 1995 · GHRP-6 sleep architecture / slow-wave sleep pubmed 8847824
  8. Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW, Sex Med Rev 2018 · GHRP class clinical review pubmed 29661730
  9. GHRP pharmacology · empty-stomach dosing and food-effect on GH-pulse magnitude pubmed 10599714
  10. Ghrelin / GHS-R1a hypothalamic appetite signaling · mechanistic review pubmed 12466337
  11. GH/IGF-1 axis and insulin resistance · chronic GH-pulse effect on glucose homeostasis pubmed 15579486
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA April 2026 503A Category 2 removal announcement no locator
  2. FDA compounding pharmacy regulatory framework no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List · peptide hormones and growth factors no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. More Plates More Dates GHRP class deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Gillett Health peptide secretagogue episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Mike Israetel / RP · peptides and hypertrophy commentary youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record8
  1. r/Peptides GHRP-6 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~620) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks GHRP-6 thread aggregation no locator
  3. Community reconstitution math (5mg/2mL standard for GHRP class) no locator
  4. Boost Your Biology · Lucas Aoun on GHRPs and sleep architecture boostyourbiology.com
  5. Community dosing convention · 100-200mcg SubQ, 5mg/2mL no locator
  6. Peer-reviewed peptide stability discussion (lyophilized vs reconstituted shelf-life) no locator
  7. r/PEDs GHRP-6 thread aggregation · bulk-context use cases no locator
  8. r/steroids GHRP-6 thread aggregation · stacked-with-GHRH protocols no locator
Hexarelin25

Grade moderate · 11 literature · 3 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Imbimbo BP et al. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1994 · foundational human PK of Hexarelin pubmed 7957559
  2. Rahim A et al. Clin Endocrinol 1998 · Hexarelin GH/ACTH/cortisol response in adults pubmed 9536195
  3. GHRP class hormonal-axis review · prolactin/ACTH/cortisol effects pubmed 8904501
  4. Massoud AF et al. JCEM 1996 · Hexarelin in children with GHD pubmed 8636336
  5. Rahim A et al. Clin Endocrinol 1998 · adult GHD response data (companion to #7) pubmed 9536195
  6. Locatelli V et al. Brain Res 1995 · Hexarelin central nervous system effects in animal models pubmed 7670068
  7. Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW. Sex Med Rev 2018 · GHRP review including Hexarelin desensitization profile pubmed 29463478
  8. Hexarelin pituitary desensitization study · chronic-use response curve pubmed 9745432
  9. Hexarelin cardioprotective effects in animal models · non-GH actions pubmed 10999833
  10. Comparative GHRP potency study · Hexarelin vs GHRP-2 vs GHRP-6 pubmed 9039347
  11. Hexarelin pharmacology overview · early 1990s GHRP characterization pubmed 7714102
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA 503A bulks list · Hexarelin Category 2 listing history no locator
  2. FDA 503A bulks list · Hexarelin removal from Category 2 (April 15, 2026) no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List S2 · Hexarelin banned at all times no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Derek (More Plates More Dates) GHRP comparison no locator
  2. Dr. Kyle Gillett peptides episode (Hexarelin discussion) no locator
  3. Tony Huge (Enhanced Athlete) peptide roundup no locator
Field Record8
  1. r/Peptides Hexarelin thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~520) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks Hexarelin thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Steroids Hexarelin thread aggregation · prolactin/cortisol commentary no locator
  4. Community reconstitution math (5mg vial standard, 2.5mL bac water) no locator
  5. Lucas Aoun (Boost Your Biology) GHRP deep dive no locator
  6. r/PEDs reconstitution wiki · GHRP standard concentrations no locator
  7. Community GHRP stability discussion · reconstituted shelf-life consensus no locator
  8. r/PEDs Hexarelin cycle-length consensus discussions no locator
hGH Fragment 176-19125

Grade moderate · 7 literature · 5 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 11 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Heffernan M et al., Endocrinology 2001 · foundational characterization of hGH 176-191 lipolytic activity pubmed 11181494
  2. Heffernan MA et al., J Endocrinol 2000 · C-terminal fragment in vivo fat oxidation pubmed 10887157
  3. Follow-up mechanism paper · fragment lipolytic vs somatogenic separation pubmed 11522714
  4. Ng FM et al. · beta-3 adrenergic mechanism for fragment lipolysis pubmed 10732808
  5. Stier H et al., Diabetes Obes Metab 2013 · Phase 2b AOD-9604 obesity trial n=534, 24 weeks, primary endpoint failed pubmed 23911112
  6. Bowen RL et al. · Phase 2a AOD-9604 osteoarthritis trial pubmed 26365922
  7. Additional AOD-9604 / hGH C-terminal fragment review covering mechanism and clinical history pubmed 22136691
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA 503A Category 2 designation for hGH Fragment 176-191 no locator
  2. FDA April 15 2026 removal of hGH Fragment 176-191 from 503A Category 2 no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List S2 Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics no locator
  4. ClinicalTrials.gov registry for hGH Fragment 176-191 and AOD-9604 no locator
  5. FDA 503A bulks list nominations review history covering hGH Fragment 176-191 no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. More Plates More Dates Frag 176-191 / AOD-9604 critical review no locator
  2. Gillett Health peptide overview episode covering Frag 176-191 no locator
Field Record11
  1. r/Peptides Frag 176-191 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~620) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks Frag 176-191 thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/biohackers Frag 176-191 thread aggregation no locator
  4. Community reconstitution math + fasted-AM dosing protocol consensus no locator
  5. Lucas Aoun Ergogenic Health podcast Frag 176-191 episode no locator
  6. Community bloodwork baseline + recheck consensus for fat-loss peptides no locator
  7. Community storage / shelf-life consensus for Frag 176-191 no locator
  8. Lyophilized + reconstituted shelf-life from peer-reviewed peptide literature no locator
  9. r/loseit cross-post threads on Frag 176-191 fat-loss outcomes no locator
  10. AOD-9604 historical development and discontinuation disclosures from Metabolic Pharmaceuticals no locator
  11. Community non-responder analysis megathread for Frag 176-191 fasted-state dosing no locator
IGF-1 DES3

Grade emerging · 2 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. DES(1-3) IGF-1 · reduced IGFBP affinity and increased potency search query
  2. IGF-1 receptor signalling and muscle hypertrophy (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) search query
Field Record1
  1. r/Peptides and bodybuilding-forum threads on IGF-1 DES site use and risks no locator
IGF-1 LR328

Grade moderate · 15 literature · 2 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature15
  1. Tomas FM et al. J Endocrinol 1993 · characterisation of Long-R3-IGF-I and reduced IGFBP binding pubmed 8454463
  2. Francis GL et al. · synthesis and bioactivity of LR3-IGF-1 analogues pubmed 1483880
  3. Walker JB Br J Sports Med 2007 · IGF-1 in sport and cardiovascular signal pubmed 17827317
  4. Adams GR et al. J Appl Physiol 1999 · IGF-1 mediated muscle hyperplasia in animal models pubmed 10362708
  5. Adams GR · Muscle IGF-1 and satellite-cell signalling review pubmed 12235021
  6. Velloso CP J Endocrinol 2008 · IGF-1, insulin and skeletal muscle pubmed 17956976
  7. Mecasermin clinical trial review · hypoglycaemia and lymphoid hypertrophy pubmed 19034026
  8. Ballard FJ et al. · IGFBP affinity of LR3-IGF-1 analogue pubmed 2376230
  9. King RJ et al. · IGF-1 signalling in oncological context, survival signal mechanism pubmed 15550262
  10. Pollak M · IGF-1 and cancer prospective cohort review pubmed 20071686
  11. Levine ME et al. · IGF-1, mortality, and longevity signal pubmed 24382387
  12. Vitale G et al. · IGF-1 axis and aging review pubmed 25199915
  13. Goya L et al. · IGF-1 receptor signalling and Akt activation pubmed 12450891
  14. Clemmons DR · IGF-1 and IGFBP physiology review pubmed 16464906
  15. Francis GL et al. · IGF-1 analogue stability characterisation pubmed 9930990
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA Increlex label · recombinant native IGF-1 indication and adverse event profile no locator
  2. WADA Prohibited List · IGF-1 and analogues banned at all times no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Peter Attia framework on IGF-1, mTOR, and healthspan no locator
  2. More Plates More Dates IGF-1 LR3 deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  3. Gillett Health peptide series IGF-1 episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  4. Boost Your Biology IGF-1 episode youtube.com/@LucasAoun
  5. Renaissance Periodization peptide overview · Mike Israetel youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record6
  1. r/PEDs IGF-1 LR3 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~310) no locator
  2. r/Peptides IGF-1 LR3 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~210) no locator
  3. r/steroids IGF-1 LR3 thread aggregation no locator
  4. r/MoreplatesMoredates IGF-1 LR3 discussion threads no locator
  5. r/PEDs hypoglycaemia and dosing-with-food consensus thread no locator
  6. Community reconstitution math and stability consensus no locator
Ipamorelin30

Grade moderate · 12 literature · 5 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 10 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thøgersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561 pubmed 9849822
  2. Raun et al. 1998 full text · primary clinical pharmacology paper, n=8 healthy men academic.oup.com/…/552
  3. Johansen PB et al. Ipamorelin: pharmacological selectivity. Comp Hepatol. 1999 pubmed 10523067
  4. Smith RG. Development of growth hormone secretagogues. Endocrinology / Endocr Rev 2005 pubmed 15545681
  5. Khorram O et al. The effect of ghrelin-receptor agonists on GH secretion in humans. JCEM 1997 pubmed 9405696
  6. Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW. The Safety and Efficacy of Growth Hormone Secretagogues. Sex Med Rev 2018 pubmed 16364276
  7. Teichman SL et al. Prolonged stimulation of GH and IGF-1 secretion by CJC-1295. JCEM 2006 pubmed 16352683
  8. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of GH stimulated by CJC-1295/GHRP combinations. JCEM 2006 pubmed 19193910
  9. Van Cauter E et al. Reciprocal interactions between the GH axis and sleep. JCEM 1996 pubmed 8954030
  10. Copinschi G et al. GH and slow-wave sleep · endogenous GH pulse during Stage 3/4 sleep pubmed 10718215
  11. Wren AM et al. Ghrelin causes hyperphagia and obesity in rats · appetite-stimulant mechanism pubmed 15001628
  12. GH-axis peptides and insulin sensitivity · review pubmed 24517146
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA April 2026 removal of Ipamorelin from compounding eligibility no locator
  2. PCAC meeting records covering the 12-peptide cull no locator
  3. WADA prohibited substances list · Ipamorelin under S2 GH secretagogues, banned in and out of competition no locator
  4. Garcia JM et al. Ipamorelin for postoperative ileus · Phase IIa, n=119, 2011 clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT00865696
  5. ClinicalTrials.gov current Ipamorelin trial registry · no Phase III as of April 2026 no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Derek MPMD GH peptides comparison, includes solo Ipa segment no locator
  2. Gillett Health peptides episode, Ipamorelin selectivity discussion no locator
  3. Huberman Lab hormones episode, GH peptides segment no locator
Field Record10
  1. r/Peptides Ipamorelin solo-use thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~520 filtered for non-stacked discussion) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks solo-Ipa threads no locator
  3. Community reconstitution math (5mg vial standard) and storage stability no locator
  4. Boost Your Biology podcast · GH peptides episode covering solo Ipa for sleep no locator
  5. Recovery-focused solo-Ipa user reports no locator
  6. Community IGF-1 response data on solo Ipa vs stacked CJC+Ipa no locator
  7. r/Peptides cycle-length consensus for GH-axis peptides no locator
  8. Forum reports of brief sleep-quality dip after stopping solo Ipa no locator
  9. Peer-reviewed discussion of peptide reconstitution and shelf-life applicable to GHRPs no locator
  10. Community consensus on freeze-thaw avoidance for reconstituted peptides no locator
Kisspeptin-1024

Grade emerging · 12 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Comninos AN et al., JCEM 2018 · Kisspeptin in women with HSDD (Imperial College / Dhillo Lab) pubmed 29186551
  2. Mills EG et al., JAMA Network Open 2023 · Kisspeptin HSDD efficacy trial in women pubmed 36633846
  3. de Roux N et al. PNAS 2003 · KISS1R/GPR54 inactivation and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism pubmed 14506239
  4. Ohtaki T et al. Nature 2001 · Original kisspeptin/metastin discovery pubmed 11447304
  5. Roa J et al. Front Neuroendocrinol 2008 · Kisspeptin and HPG axis regulation review pubmed 18675811
  6. George JT et al. JCEM 2011 · Kisspeptin pharmacology in healthy men pubmed 21296993
  7. Topaloglu AK et al. NEJM 2012 · KISS1 inactivating mutations in idiopathic hypogonadism pubmed 22136269
  8. Dhillo WS et al. · Kisspeptin pharmacokinetics and HPG response in humans pubmed 19318450
  9. Abbara A et al. · Kisspeptin as IVF trigger / hypothalamic amenorrhea pubmed 28614103
  10. Comninos AN et al. 2017 · Kisspeptin enhances limbic activation in men pubmed 28604929
  11. Jayasena CN et al. · Circulating half-life of kisspeptin in humans pubmed 16352684
  12. Continuous vs pulsed kisspeptin and KISS1R desensitization pubmed 19887566
Regulatory and registry2
  1. ClinicalTrials.gov registry · Imperial College Phase 2/3 ongoing trials no locator
  2. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · kisspeptin not currently listed no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Andrew Huberman · kisspeptin and HPG axis discussion no locator
  2. Dr. Kyle Gillett · Gillett Health kisspeptin episode no locator
  3. Lucas Aoun · Ergogenic Health kisspeptin breakdown no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/Peptides Kisspeptin-10 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~340) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks libido + acute-use thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/PEDs PCT and fertility-focused thread aggregation no locator
  4. r/sex thread aggregation · libido use case discussions no locator
  5. Dr. Sara Gottfried · kisspeptin & female libido no locator
  6. Community reconstitution and storage consensus no locator
  7. Peer-reviewed peptide stability and freeze-thaw sensitivity discussion no locator
MGF (Mechano Growth Factor)24

Grade emerging · 9 literature · 4 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Yang SY, Goldspink G. FEBS Letters 2002 · foundational IGF-1 splice variant paper identifying MGF pubmed 12027292
  2. Goldspink G et al. J Anat 1999 · mechano growth factor expression in response to muscle loading pubmed 10595803
  3. Hill M, Goldspink G. J Physiol 2003 · local IGF-1 isoform expression in damaged skeletal muscle pubmed 12879880
  4. Quesada A et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004 · splice-variant IGF-1 in tissue repair pubmed 15616236
  5. Adams GR, Bamman MM. Comprehensive Physiology 2012 · mechanical loading and IGF-1 isoforms in skeletal muscle pubmed 23720292
  6. Goldspink G review · local autocrine/paracrine IGF-1 isoform action in muscle pubmed 15070668
  7. Owino V, Yang SY, Goldspink G. · MGF expression with age and exercise pubmed 16526886
  8. Hameed M, Orrell RW, Cobbold M, Goldspink G, Harridge SD. · MGF mRNA response to resistance exercise in humans pubmed 14506219
  9. Peer-reviewed peptide stability discussion · short-chain growth-factor analogues pubmed 29278205
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA 503A Category 2 bulks list · MGF removal April 15, 2026 no locator
  2. FDA PCAC record on growth-factor peptide bulks-list status no locator
  3. ClinicalTrials.gov registry · no completed Phase II/III trials of synthetic MGF as of April 2026 no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List S2 · Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics, prohibited at all times no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Derek (More Plates More Dates) MGF half-life and PEG-MGF rationale video no locator
  2. Mike Israetel / RP Strength growth-factor peptides discussion youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
  3. Gillett Health peptides episode · MGF vs PEG-MGF segment youtube.com/@GillettHealth
Field Record8
  1. r/Peptides MGF + PEG-MGF thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~310) no locator
  2. r/PEDs MGF thread aggregation no locator
  3. Community reconstitution math (2mg vial standard, 14-day reconstituted shelf-life) no locator
  4. r/Peptides MGF vs PEG-MGF half-life comparison megathread no locator
  5. r/PeptideStacks community timing-protocol consensus thread no locator
  6. r/Steroids practitioner thread on IM site-injection logistics no locator
  7. Lucas Aoun · Boost Your Biology podcast peptides-for-hypertrophy episode no locator
  8. Community storage / shelf-life consensus for short-half-life peptides no locator
MK-677 (Ibutamoren)25

Grade strong · 8 literature · 5 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Patchett AA et al. · design + PK of MK-0677 oral GH secretagogue pubmed 9851823
  2. Nass R et al., Ann Intern Med 2008 · MK-677 in older adults, 24-month trial pubmed 19030944
  3. Chapman IM et al. · MK-677 PK and GH/IGF-1 dose response pubmed 9626088
  4. Murphy MG et al., J Bone Miner Res 1999 · MK-677 bone mineral density pubmed 10487545
  5. Nass 2008 trial · lean mass +1.1 kg, no functional benefit, CHF signal pubmed 19030944
  6. Sevigny JJ et al., Neurology 2008 · MK-677 in mild Alzheimer's, n=563, no cognitive benefit despite IGF-1 rise pubmed 18391297
  7. Lim CT, Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2018 · GH secretagogues review, glucose effects pubmed 29406584
  8. Khorram O et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 · GHRP studies, foundational ghrelin mimetic framework pubmed 9024226
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA · ibutamoren not approved for any indication, no NDA filed no locator
  2. WADA Prohibited List, S2 class (peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances) no locator
  3. Merck Phase II MK-677 mild Alzheimer's trial (terminated 2003-2004, no cognitive benefit) clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT00088309
  4. WADA 2024 Prohibited List · ibutamoren listed under S2.2 'Growth hormone secretagogues' no locator
  5. TGA Australia · ibutamoren Schedule 4 (Prescription Only Medicine) no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates MK-677 deep dive youtube.com/watch
  2. Greg Doucette MK-677 honest review no locator
  3. Mike Israetel / Renaissance Periodization MK-677 segment youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
  4. Dr. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete MK-677 protocol video youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  5. Examine.com MK-677 evidence summary no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/MK677 megathread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~700) no locator
  2. r/PEDs MK-677 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600) no locator
  3. r/Nootropics MK-677 thread aggregation no locator
  4. Community dosing/timing consensus thread no locator
  5. r/PEDs cycle-length consensus · no PCT needed since HPG-axis not suppressed reddit.com/…/mk677_no_cycle_off
  6. Lucas Aoun (Boost Your Biology) MK-677 podcast episode no locator
  7. r/MK677 water retention + lethargy megathread reddit.com/…/water_retention_megathr…
PEG-MGF (Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor)17

Grade anecdotal · 5 literature · 3 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature5
  1. Foundational MGF work, J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact no locator
  2. J Physiol no locator
  3. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery no locator
  4. Am J Transplant no locator
  5. PubMed search search query
Regulatory and registry3
  1. Proposed amendment to 503A Category 2 list no locator
  2. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee no locator
  3. Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Safety considerations no locator
  2. More Plates More Dates peptide breakdown youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  3. Enhanced Athlete YouTube + podcast catalog youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
Field Record6
  1. PEG-MGF protocol logs (last 12 months) no locator
  2. Cycle reports last 12 months no locator
  3. Cycle reports + protocol comparisons no locator
  4. Drug Discovery Today no locator
  5. Forum bloodwork-tagged threads no locator
  6. General peptide stability reference no locator
Sermorelin24

Grade strong · 7 literature · 6 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Original GHRH 1-29 receptor pharmacology characterization pubmed 2110906
  2. Sermorelin pituitary GH-release dose-response review pubmed 9659994
  3. Pulsatile vs continuous GHRH stimulation pharmacology pubmed 8675591
  4. Sermorelin pediatric GHD pivotal-trial outcomes pubmed 9329360
  5. Khorram O et al., JCEM 1997 · sermorelin 0.5mg/day x 16 weeks in healthy older adults (n=14), IGF-1 + lean mass + skin thickness vs placebo pubmed 9240553
  6. Aimaretti et al., JCEM · GHRH-analog dose-response GH-release studies pubmed 9543154
  7. Walker RF, Clinical Interventions in Aging 2006 · sermorelin/CJC family review pubmed 18046889
Regulatory and registry6
  1. FDA 503A Category 2 removal of sermorelin, April 15, 2026 no locator
  2. PCAC record reflecting the broader 12-peptide cull no locator
  3. FDA-archived Geref label and approval history (Serono, 1997 approval) no locator
  4. FDA notice confirming Serono's 2008 withdrawal was not for safety/efficacy no locator
  5. WADA 2026 · sermorelin prohibited at all times under S2 (Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors) no locator
  6. ClinicalTrials.gov sermorelin registry (April 2026) no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Huberman Lab · GHRH-analog discussion no locator
  2. Peter Attia, The Drive · GH secretagogue commentary no locator
  3. Gillett Health peptides episode, sermorelin clinical-practice segment no locator
  4. Derek (MPMD) · sermorelin / CJC / ipamorelin comparative review no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/Peptides sermorelin thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~620) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks sermorelin protocol + sleep-effect threads no locator
  3. Community reconstitution math + protocol consensus (5mg / 15mg vial standards) no locator
  4. Lucas Aoun · sermorelin sleep-architecture discussion no locator
  5. r/longevity sermorelin protocol + cycling-pattern threads no locator
  6. Community sermorelin storage / reconstituted shelf-life consensus no locator
  7. Compounding-pharmacy patient instructions for sermorelin SubQ administration no locator
Sermorelin + Ipamorelin4

Grade emerging · 3 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Sermorelin and Ipamorelin GH-releasing pharmacology search query
  2. GHRH + GHRP combination synergy literature (basis for the blend) search query
  3. Ipamorelin selectivity · minimal cortisol/prolactin effect search query
Field Record1
  1. r/Peptides Sermorelin/Ipamorelin blend dosing and experience aggregation no locator
Somatropin (HGH)29

Grade strong · 12 literature · 7 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Carter-Su C. et al. · GH receptor / JAK2/STAT5 signalling review pubmed 9626554
  2. Le Roith D. et al. · GH/IGF-1 axis comprehensive review pubmed 19884264
  3. Salomon F. et al., NEJM 1989 · foundational adult-GHD replacement trial (lean mass +5.5 kg, fat mass −5.7 kg, n=24) pubmed 2779915
  4. Cuneo RC. et al., JCEM 1991 · GHD adult exercise capacity + muscle strength on replacement pubmed 2061203
  5. Welle S. et al., JCEM 1996 · protein synthesis in healthy adults on supraphysiologic GH pubmed 8855802
  6. Liu H. et al., Ann Intern Med 2007 · GH in healthy older adults meta-analysis (31 trials) pubmed 17228006
  7. Blackman MR. et al., JAMA 2002 · 26-week GH RCT in healthy 65-88 year olds pubmed 12413375
  8. Guevara-Aguirre J. et al., Sci Transl Med 2011 · Laron syndrome cohort cancer/diabetes incidence pubmed 21325617
  9. Werner H. et al. · Laron syndrome long-term follow-up review pubmed 29302898
  10. Knuppel A. et al. · IGF-1 and breast/colorectal/prostate cancer Mendelian randomisation pubmed 27590222
  11. Murphy N. et al. · circulating IGF-1 and cancer risk in EPIC cohort pubmed 32341277
  12. Møller N. et al. · GH metabolic effects, insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis review pubmed 23457409
Regulatory and registry7
  1. FDA Orange Book somatropin entries · Genotropin, Humatrope, Norditropin, Saizen, Omnitrope, Zomacton no locator
  2. FDA approval letter for Ngenla (somatrogon) long-acting weekly somatropin analogue no locator
  3. FDA-approved somatropin indications: adult/paediatric GHD, Turner, Prader-Willi, ISS, AIDS wasting, short bowel syndrome no locator
  4. WADA 2026 Prohibited List, Section S2 Peptide Hormones no locator
  5. FDA 503A compounded peptide review (April 2026) · somatropin not included as it is an approved drug no locator
  6. FDA approval letter for Skytrofa long-acting weekly somatropin no locator
  7. Manufacturer prescribing information for storage, reconstitution, dosing no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Peter Attia, The Drive #218 · Growth Hormone segment, longevity-skeptic framework no locator
  2. Gillett Health podcast HGH episode (Kyle Gillett MD) no locator
  3. Derek (More Plates More Dates) HGH protocol breakdown no locator
  4. Mike Israetel / RP HGH lean-mass-gain discussion no locator
  5. Andrew Huberman GH-axis / sleep episode no locator
Field Record5
  1. r/PEDs HGH thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~900) no locator
  2. r/Steroids HGH thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~700) no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates HGH thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~500) no locator
  4. 21 USC §333(e) · federal prohibition on distribution of human growth hormone for non-FDA-approved indications law.cornell.edu/…/333
  5. Forum reconstitution + dosing consensus aggregation across subreddits no locator
Tesamorelin25

Grade strong · 7 literature · 6 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Ferdinandi ES et al. · Tesamorelin GHRH analog pharmacology and DPP-4 resistance pubmed 19454903
  2. Falutz J · Tesamorelin pharmacokinetics and mechanism review pubmed 22107488
  3. Falutz J et al., NEJM 2007 · Phase 3 Tesamorelin in HIV lipodystrophy (n=412) nejm.org/…/NEJMoa072375
  4. Falutz J et al., JAIDS 2010 · 52-week extension data (n=816 across two trials) pubmed 20484453
  5. Stanley TL et al., JAMA 2014 · VAT reduction and cognition in HIV pubmed 24643647
  6. Stanley TL et al., Clinical Endocrinology 2017 · NAFLD/visceral fat reduction pubmed 28734032
  7. Adrian S et al., AIDS 2018 · long-term metabolic outcomes pubmed 29239896
Regulatory and registry6
  1. FDA Egrifta label, original 2010 approval no locator
  2. FDA Egrifta SV label, 2019 reformulation approval no locator
  3. FDA April 15, 2026 · 12-peptide Category 2 removal including Tesamorelin no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List S2 · GHRH analogues including Tesamorelin no locator
  5. ClinicalTrials.gov Tesamorelin trial registry no locator
  6. FDA approval announcement for Egrifta SV reformulation no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Peter Attia · Tesamorelin discussion in metabolic-health context no locator
  2. More Plates More Dates GHRH analogs deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  3. Gillett Health peptide episode covering Tesamorelin youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  4. Mike Israetel · Renaissance Periodization peptide segment youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record8
  1. r/Peptides Tesamorelin thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~520) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks Tesamorelin thread aggregation no locator
  3. Community reconstitution math (5mg and 10mg vial standards) no locator
  4. Boost Your Biology podcast · GHRH analogs episode no locator
  5. Community storage stability consensus for compounded Tesamorelin no locator
  6. r/Peptides visceral fat reduction megathread reddit.com/…/visceral-fat-megathread
  7. r/longevity Tesamorelin thread aggregation no locator
  8. r/PEDs cross-reference threads on Tesamorelin vs other GH-axis peptides no locator
Tesamorelin + Ipamorelin4

Grade emerging · 3 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Tesamorelin GHRH-analog pharmacology and visceral-fat trial evidence search query
  2. GHRH + GHRP combination synergy literature (basis for the blend) search query
  3. Ipamorelin selectivity · minimal cortisol/prolactin effect search query
Field Record1
  1. r/Peptides Tesamorelin/Ipamorelin blend dosing and experience aggregation no locator

Healing peptides20

AHK-Cu4

Grade emerging · 2 literature · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Pickart L, Margolina A. Copper peptides in skin/tissue regeneration, 2018 · copper-tripeptide pharmacology context ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC6073405
  2. Preclinical AHK-Cu hair-follicle / VEGF vascularization studies search query
Field Record2
  1. Cosmetic ingredient reference for copper-tripeptide actives in hair/skin serums no locator
  2. r/Peptides and hair-loss forum threads on AHK-Cu no locator
ARA-290 (Cibinetide)4

Grade emerging · 2 literature · 1 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. ARA-290 Phase 2 small-fiber / sarcoidosis neuropathy trials search query
  2. Cibinetide innate repair receptor and neuropathy literature search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. ClinicalTrials.gov cibinetide / ARA-290 registry no locator
Field Record1
  1. r/Peptides ARA-290 discussion aggregation no locator
B7-334

Grade emerging · 3 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Hossain MA et al. B7-33, a single-chain relaxin functional agonist with biased signalling, 2016 pubmed 27457814
  2. B7-33 anti-fibrotic effects in preclinical cardiac/lung/kidney models search query
  3. Relaxin / RXFP1 anti-fibrotic signalling background search query
Field Record1
  1. r/Peptides threads on B7-33 no locator
BPC-15726

Grade moderate · 6 literature · 7 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature6
  1. Sikiric P. et al., 2022 BPC-157 review pubmed 35008515
  2. Original BPC-157 sequence characterization pubmed 30915550
  3. Seiwerth et al., 2024 systematic review pubmed 38470890
  4. Sikiric · angiogenesis mechanism review pubmed 33086000
  5. BPC-157 tendon healing mechanism (rat) pubmed 29278205
  6. BPC-157 NSAID-GI protection pubmed 32545538
Regulatory and registry7
  1. FDA 503A bulks list status no locator
  2. FDA 503B compounding review reaffirmation no locator
  3. ClinicalTrials.gov BPC-157 registry no locator
  4. Knee pain BPC-157 trial clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT05549011
  5. WADA 2022 · BPC-157 added Jan 2022 no locator
  6. FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting, 23-24 July 2026: seven peptides considered for the 503A Bulks List. fda.gov/…/july-23-24-2026-meeting…
  7. Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society reporting of the PCAC vote tallies and outcomes, July 2026. Votes are advisory and non-binding. raps.org/…/fda-advisory-committee-…
Named practitioner5
  1. Huberman Lab peptides episode no locator
  2. Peter Attia AMA #54 BPC-157 segment peterattiamd.com/ama54
  3. More Plates More Dates BPC-157 deep dive youtube.com/watch
  4. Bryan Johnson Blueprint changelog (BPC-157 removed 2024) protocol.bryanjohnson.com
  5. Gillett Health BPC-157 episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
Field Record8
  1. r/Peptides BPC-157 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1400) no locator
  2. r/PEDs BPC-157 thread aggregation no locator
  3. Community reconstitution math (5mg vial standard) no locator
  4. r/Peptides gut-healing megathread reddit.com/…/1bk3xy7
  5. BPC + TB-500 combo results thread reddit.com/…/1c7m4qz
  6. r/Peptides cycle length consensus reddit.com/…/1d2x5km
  7. Community storage / shelf-life consensus no locator
  8. Lyophilized + reconstituted shelf-life from peer-reviewed review no locator
BPC-157 + TB-50028

Grade moderate · 7 literature · 6 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 10 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Sikiric P. et al., 2022 BPC-157 review pubmed 35008515
  2. Original BPC-157 sequence characterization pubmed 30915550
  3. BPC-157 tendon healing mechanism (rat) pubmed 29278205
  4. Sosne G et al. Tβ4 neurotrauma, inflammation, repair pubmed 24964267
  5. Seiwerth et al., 2024 BPC-157 systematic review pubmed 38470890
  6. Bock-Marquette I et al. Tβ4 cardiac repair, Nature 2004 pubmed 15525989
  7. Goldstein AL et al. Tβ4 actin-sequestering pubmed 16027042
Regulatory and registry6
  1. FDA 503A Category 2 final removal of BPC-157 April 15, 2026 no locator
  2. FDA 503A Category 2 final removal of TB-500 April 15, 2026 no locator
  3. WADA 2022 Prohibited List BPC-157 entry no locator
  4. WADA 2026 Section S2 Peptide Hormones (TB-500 prohibited year-round) no locator
  5. RGN-259 Phase 3 Dry Eye trial (full-length Tβ4) clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT02355470
  6. ClinicalTrials.gov BPC-157 + TB-500 combination registry (no combination trial listed) no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates BPC vs TB-500 mechanism breakdown youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Gillett Health BPC-157 + peptide stacking episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Boost Your Biology peptide stacking episode youtube.com/@LucasAounBYB
  4. Ben Greenfield peptides reference article · Wolverine Stack discussion bengreenfieldlife.com/…/peptides-guide
  5. Dr. Robert Whitfield post-503A bulks list commentary no locator
Field Record10
  1. r/Peptides Wolverine Stack thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~720) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks BPC + TB-500 thread aggregation no locator
  3. Community BPC-157 reconstitution math (5mg vial standard) no locator
  4. r/Peptides BPC + TB-500 combo results megathread reddit.com/…/1c7m4qz
  5. Community TB-500 reconstitution math (5mg vial standard) no locator
  6. Lyophilized + reconstituted shelf-life from peer-reviewed BPC-157 review no locator
  7. Lyophilized + refrigerated TB-500 stability from peer-reviewed reviews no locator
  8. r/Tendinopathy combo discussion aggregation no locator
  9. r/sportsinjury BPC + TB-500 acute injury thread aggregation no locator
  10. r/Crossfit Wolverine Stack thread aggregation no locator
Cartalax7

Grade limited · 7 literature

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Ashapkin et al. 2020 · gene expression modulation in human bone-marrow MSC aging cultures (in vitro, nanomolar) doi.org/…/s11033-020-05506-3
  2. Caputi et al. 2019 · four-peptide compound, neuronal differentiation markers in human periodontal ligament stem cells (in vitro) doi.org/…/2058738419828613
  3. Lin'kova et al. 2016 · MMP-9 inhibition and proliferation markers in aging rat skin fibroblasts (in vitro) doi.org/…/s10517-016-3370-x
  4. Chalisova et al. 2015 · Ki-67 and p53 in rat kidney organotypic culture (ex vivo) doi.org/…/s10517-015-2906-9
  5. Khavinson et al. 2014 (Russian-language) · p16, p21, p53 and SIRT-6 in rat renal cell culture, plus DNA docking model pubmed 25946838
  6. Lin'kova et al. 2011 · human thymocyte comparison in which this peptide showed no effect while the comparator did doi.org/…/s10517-011-1298-8
  7. Lezhava et al. · chromatin work identifying Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro as Cortagen, confirming Cartalax is the tripeptide not the tetrapeptide pubmed 37042594
No evidence found2
  1. Targeted literature search returns zero studies testing this peptide in cartilage, chondrocytes or osteoarthritis in any species search query
  2. ClinicalTrials.gov returns zero registered human trials no locator
Epithalon26

Grade emerging · 6 literature · 6 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 12 field record

Peer-reviewed literature6
  1. Khavinson VK · short peptide bioregulator framework pubmed 12717537
  2. Khavinson VK et al., Bull Exp Biol Med 2003 · telomerase induction in cultured human somatic cells pubmed 12937682
  3. Anisimov VN et al., Mech Ageing Dev 2003 · animal lifespan extension data pubmed 12714253
  4. Khavinson VK et al., Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2002 · pineal gland aging + Epitalon pubmed 12011675
  5. Khavinson VK, Eur Geriatr Med 2014 · short peptide regulation review no locator
  6. Independent replication search · limited Western in vitro replication, no clinical replication search query
Regulatory and registry6
  1. FDA April 15, 2026 503A Category 2 bulks list · Epithalon removal no locator
  2. FDA 503A interim compounding pathway background no locator
  3. ClinicalTrials.gov Epithalon registry · no registered Western Phase 2/3 RCT as of April 2026 no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List · Epithalon monitoring status no locator
  5. FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting, 23-24 July 2026: seven peptides considered for the 503A Bulks List. fda.gov/…/july-23-24-2026-meeting…
  6. Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society reporting of the PCAC vote tallies and outcomes, July 2026. Votes are advisory and non-binding. raps.org/…/fda-advisory-committee-…
Named practitioner2
  1. Bryan Johnson Don't Die / Blueprint commentary on longevity peptides no locator
  2. Peter Attia · longevity peptide skepticism no locator
Field Record12
  1. r/Peptides Epithalon thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~360) no locator
  2. r/longevity Epithalon thread aggregation (n=~110) no locator
  3. r/Nootropics Epithalon thread aggregation (n=~50) no locator
  4. Khavinson Institute (St. Petersburg) · Epitalamin / Epithalon clinical registration in Russia no locator
  5. Community reconstitution math + Khavinson pulse-cycle consensus no locator
  6. Lucas Aoun, Boost Your Biology · Epithalon coverage no locator
  7. Mike Mutzel, High Intensity Health · peptide longevity coverage no locator
  8. r/longevity multi-cycle Epithalon discussion (3-6 month off-period rationale) no locator
  9. Commercial telomere-length assay providers (niche, expensive, assay variability) no locator
  10. r/PeptideStacks longevity bloodwork panel consensus no locator
  11. Community storage / shelf-life consensus for tetrapeptides no locator
  12. Khavinson lineage formulation and storage notes no locator
FOXO4-DRI9

Grade anecdotal · 7 literature · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Baar MP et al., Cell 2017 · targeted apoptosis of senescent cells, the founding paper (mouse and in vitro) pubmed 28340339
  2. Hu et al. 2026 · co-immunoprecipitation confirmation of FOXO4 to p53 blockade, endothelial and vascular aging (mouse) doi.org/…/fbioe.2025.1729166
  3. Kong et al. 2025 · p53 serine-15 nuclear exclusion, keloid fibroblast apoptosis (human cells in vitro) doi.org/…/s42003-025-07738-0
  4. Zhang et al. 2020 · senescent Leydig cells and testosterone secretion (mouse plus human tissue immunohistochemistry) doi.org/…/aging.102682
  5. Meng et al. 2021 · NSCLC radiosensitisation and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (mouse) doi.org/…/jci.insight.146334
  6. Jing et al. 2024 · bronchopulmonary dysplasia (rat plus human autopsy lung) doi.org/…/rcmb.2023-0038OC
  7. Human chondrocyte senescent cell clearance in vitro, 25 micromolar over 5 days; senescence cleared but cartilage formation did not improve pubmed 33996787
Field Record2
  1. Fight Aging! interview with Peter de Keizer, July 2018 · selectivity margin and human dosing risk fightaging.org/…/an-interview-with-peter…
  2. Fight Aging! 2017 · publicly documented self-experimentation, 25 to 50mg injections, criticised by the publishing author fightaging.org/…/an-example-of-senolytic…
No evidence found1
  1. ClinicalTrials.gov returns zero registered human trials; no published pharmacokinetic data in any species no locator
GHK (Tripeptide-1)8

Grade emerging · 5 literature · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature5
  1. Pickart L, Margolina A. GHK-Cu regenerative actions, 2018 · copper complex is the active species ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC6073405
  2. Pickart L. Human GHK, copper binding and tissue remodeling, 2008 pubmed 18534103
  3. Hong Y et al. GHK and the Connectivity Map, Oncotarget 2012 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC3514688
  4. Pickart L. GHK-Cu and oxidative stress / skin, 2012 hindawi.com/…/324832
  5. Leyden J et al. Skin effects of copper-tripeptide cream (copper form) no locator
Field Record3
  1. Cosmetic ingredient reference for INCI Tripeptide-1 no locator
  2. r/Peptides threads distinguishing GHK from GHK-Cu no locator
  3. Skin Biology · Dr. Pickart's copper-peptide reference skinbiology.com/copperpeptides.html
GHK-Cu20

Grade moderate · 8 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Pickart L, Margolina A. GHK-Cu regenerative actions, 2018 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC6073405
  2. Pickart L. Human GHK and tissue remodeling, 2008 pubmed 18534103
  3. Hong Y et al. GHK and Connectivity Map, Oncotarget 2012 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC3514688
  4. Pickart L. GHK-Cu oxidative stress prevention 2012 hindawi.com/…/324832
  5. Mulder GD et al. Diabetic ulcer healing topical GHK-Cu, 1994 pubmed 17147642
  6. Leyden J et al. Skin effects of copper-tripeptide cream no locator
  7. Finkey MB et al. Copper peptide and skin no locator
  8. Trüeb RM. Aging hair pharmacologic interventions ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC2695167
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA 503A list excluding copper peptides no locator
  2. ClinicalTrials.gov GHK-Cu registry no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com · Copper supplementation safety examine.com/…/copper
  2. Huberman Lab skin health episode no locator
  3. Bryan Johnson Blueprint Skin Care section protocol.bryanjohnson.com
Field Record7
  1. Alliance for Pharmacy Compounding tracking a4pc.org/fda-503a-bulks-list
  2. r/Peptides GHK-Cu thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/SkincareAddiction copper peptide threads no locator
  4. Skin Biology · Dr. Pickart's reference skinbiology.com/copperpeptides.html
  5. The Ordinary copper peptide product no locator
  6. NIOD CAIS · DECIEM no locator
  7. r/tressless GHK-Cu threads no locator
GLOW24

Grade emerging · 9 literature · 5 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Pickart L., Margolina A., 2015 · GHK-Cu mechanism review (gene expression + collagen) pubmed 26371968
  2. Pickart L., 2018 · GHK-Cu human plasma decline + cosmetic-dermatology evidence pubmed 29403626
  3. Sikiric P. et al., 2022 · BPC-157 review (mechanism + animal injury models) pubmed 35008515
  4. BPC-157 tendon healing mechanism in rat (Sikiric group) pubmed 29278205
  5. Goldstein A.L. et al. · Thymosin Beta-4 / TB-500 cell migration + angiogenesis review pubmed 22369683
  6. TB-4 / TB-500 cardiac + soft-tissue injury repair literature pubmed 22324466
  7. Copper homeostasis review · ceruloplasmin / ferritin monitoring rationale pubmed 19770842
  8. Seiwerth et al., 2024 · BPC-157 systematic review pubmed 38470890
  9. Broad Institute Connectivity Map · GHK gene expression analysis (~31.2% reset toward younger pattern) pubmed 20448595
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA 503A Category 2 status · GHK-Cu injectable no locator
  2. FDA 503A Category 2 status · BPC-157 no locator
  3. FDA 503A Category 2 status · TB-500 no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List · TB-500 banned year-round since 2011 no locator
  5. WADA 2022 · BPC-157 added Jan 2022 no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Gillett Health peptide blends episode · GLOW commentary no locator
  2. Robert Whitfield MD telehealth peptide channel no locator
  3. Andrew Huberman peptides episode no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/Peptides GLOW pre-mix thread aggregation (n=~480, last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks GLOW blend thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/skincareaddiction GLOW + GHK-Cu injectable thread aggregation no locator
  4. Forum aggregation of vendor pre-mix discontinuations post-April-2026 no locator
  5. Lucas Aoun / Ergogenic Health peptide pre-mix discussion no locator
  6. Mike Mutzel / High Intensity Health peptide blends episode no locator
  7. Community reconstitution math + storage shelf-life consensus for blend vials no locator
No evidence found1
  1. ClinicalTrials.gov · confirms zero registered trials of the GLOW combination no locator
Glutathione28

Grade strong · 13 literature · 4 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature13
  1. Pizzorno · Glutathione review, Integr Med 2014 pubmed 19061483
  2. Lu · Glutathione synthesis, Mol Aspects Med 2009 pubmed 22269509
  3. Forman et al. · Glutathione redox biology, Biochem Pharmacol pubmed 19132888
  4. Sekhar et al. · GlyNAC mechanism review pubmed 29609101
  5. Kumar et al. 2022 · GlyNAC older adults trial pubmed 35608917
  6. Witschi et al. 1992 · Oral glutathione bioavailability pubmed 1362956
  7. Sinha R. et al. 2018 · Liposomal glutathione RCT, Eur J Nutr (n=54) pubmed 29385579
  8. Richie JP et al. 2015 · 1000mg/day oral GSH 6-month trial, Eur J Nutr pubmed 24791752
  9. Allen J, Bradley RD 2011 · Oral glutathione bioavailability review, J Altern Complement Med pubmed 21391780
  10. Honda Y et al. 2017 · Glutathione in NAFLD, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol (n=34) pubmed 28676059
  11. Sechi G et al. 1996 · IV glutathione in Parkinson's, Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry pubmed 8930011
  12. Kumar et al. 2021 · GlyNAC HIV trial pubmed 33906952
  13. Weschawalit et al. 2017 · Oral glutathione lozenge skin trial pubmed 28442775
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA 503A Category 2 cull list April 2026 (glutathione not included) no locator
  2. FDA 503A compounding pharmacy framework no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · glutathione not listed no locator
  4. USP 797 + 503A pharmacy beyond-use date conventions no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Rhonda Patrick FoundMyFitness · Glutathione deep dive no locator
  2. Mark Hyman MD · Glutathione clinical use overview no locator
  3. Mike Mutzel · High Intensity Health glutathione episode youtube.com/@HighIntensityHealth
  4. Gillett Health glutathione episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
Field Record7
  1. r/Supplements glutathione thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~520) no locator
  2. r/longevity glutathione thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/skincareaddiction glutathione/skin-lightening megathreads no locator
  4. Philippine FDA + multi-regulator advisories on off-label cosmetic IV glutathione no locator
  5. Community dosing + storage consensus aggregation no locator
  6. Lucas Aoun Ergogenic Health glutathione overview no locator
  7. Glutathione light-sensitivity and storage stability literature no locator
KLOW41

Grade emerging · 11 literature · 9 regulatory · 6 practitioner · 15 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. LL-37 broad-spectrum antimicrobial + biofilm activity no locator
  2. Melanocortin / KPV NF-κB inhibition mechanism 2001 search query
  3. PepT1 KPV oral nanoparticle DSS/TNBS colitis search query
  4. Melanocortin receptors inflammation review · KPV NF-κB / MAPK suppression search query
  5. GHK-Cu regenerative actions review · copper accumulation watchpoint no locator
  6. GHK Connectivity Map · 31.2% gene expression reset no locator
  7. BPC-157 review · VEGFR2 angiogenesis + granulation tissue search query
  8. BPC-157 systematic review · soft-tissue + GI healing search query
  9. GHK-Cu diabetic ulcer wound healing topical RCT search query
  10. KPV oral delivery wound healing nanoparticles no locator
  11. LL-37 T-cell autoantigen psoriasis no locator
Regulatory and registry9
  1. FDA Bulk Drug Substances 503A April 2026 update · KPV retained Category 2 no locator
  2. FDA 503A bulks list status · BPC-157 retained April 2026 no locator
  3. FDA public docket · LL-37 retained Category 2 April 2026 no locator
  4. FDA 503A list excluding GHK-Cu / copper tripeptides April 2026 no locator
  5. FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee July 2026 · single-peptide IND scoping no locator
  6. UC San Diego oral KPV nanoparticles ulcerative colitis Phase I/II clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT05322044
  7. LL-37 single-peptide trial registry, accessed Apr 2026 no locator
  8. BPC-157 knee pain registration, single-peptide trial clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT05549011
  9. FDA cited 'inadequate safety data' for BPC-157 no locator
Named practitioner6
  1. Component-level mechanism + dose ranges no locator
  2. MCAS-prone titration framework adapted for KLOW component LL-37 no locator
  3. Dr. Kyle Gillett on bundled-blend titration loss no locator
  4. Derek on April 2026 Category 2 retention impact on compounded blends no locator
  5. Aggregated content on LL-37 mast-cell activation in bundled blends no locator
  6. Examine.com copper supplementation safety · chronic exposure threshold examine.com/…/copper
Field Record15
  1. r/Peptides KLOW thread aggregation, last 12 months Apr 2025-Apr 2026 (n≈85) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks KLOW + 503A blend discussions, last 12 months (n≈42) no locator
  3. r/UlcerativeColitis KLOW + tripeptide UC discussions, last 12 months (n≈38) no locator
  4. r/IBD KLOW + KPV + BPC-157 gut threads, last 12 months (n≈30) no locator
  5. r/SkincareAddiction KLOW + GHK-Cu + KPV erythema threads, last 12 months (n≈15) no locator
  6. Alliance for Pharmacy Compounding tracking, KLOW supply discontinuation reports no locator
  7. LL-37 mechanism review · amphipathic α-helix membrane disruption no locator
  8. KLOW + bundled blend forum-dose discussion no locator
  9. KPV + LL-37 + BPC gut-stack discussion no locator
  10. Telehealth peptide clinician on KLOW supply discontinuation post-April 2026 no locator
  11. Pre/post KLOW cycle hsCRP user logs no locator
  12. Calprotectin protocol discussions for KLOW UC cycles no locator
  13. Fecal calprotectin protocol discussions no locator
  14. Standardized skin photo monitoring protocol logs no locator
  15. Pre-mixed compounded vial reconstitution + shelf-life consensus no locator
KPV24

Grade emerging · 9 literature · 4 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Brzoska T et al. · α-MSH and tripeptides 2008 Endocr Rev pubmed 18612139
  2. Luger TA, Brzoska T · α-MSH peptides 2007 pubmed 17934097
  3. Mandrika I et al. · Melanocortin NF-κB 2001 pubmed 11239507
  4. Manna SK, Aggarwal BB · α-MSH NF-κB 1998 pubmed 9743348
  5. Catania A et al. · Melanocortin receptors inflammation 2004 pubmed 15001661
  6. Dalmasso G et al. · PepT1 KPV 2008 Gastroenterology pubmed 18061177
  7. Kannengiesser K et al. · KPV IBD 2008 pubmed 18092346
  8. Xiao B et al. · KPV nanoparticles UC 2017 pubmed 28465181
  9. Oral delivery wound healing nanoparticles no locator
Regulatory and registry4
  1. UC San Diego oral KPV nanoparticles trial clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT05322044
  2. FDA Bulk Drug Substances 503A no locator
  3. FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting, 23-24 July 2026: seven peptides considered for the 503A Bulks List. fda.gov/…/july-23-24-2026-meeting…
  4. Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society reporting of the PCAC vote tallies and outcomes, July 2026. Votes are advisory and non-binding. raps.org/…/fda-advisory-committee-…
Named practitioner4
  1. Mechanism + dose ranges no locator
  2. Ben Greenfield Life, Dr. Tyna Show 2023-2025 no locator
  3. KPV-tagged content no locator
  4. Peptide therapeutics segment no locator
Field Record7
  1. May 2025-April 2026 n≈110 no locator
  2. May 2025-April 2026 n≈85 no locator
  3. May 2025-April 2026 n≈45 no locator
  4. May 2025-April 2026 n≈40 no locator
  5. KPV references no locator
  6. Pre/post KPV cycle hsCRP no locator
  7. Fecal calprotectin protocol discussions no locator
LL-3722

Grade emerging · 7 literature · 6 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Cell Immunol 2012 + 2022-2024 meta-reviews no locator
  2. Front Microbiol 2021-2023 no locator
  3. Peptides 2011 + topical wound trials 2022 no locator
  4. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol review no locator
  5. Wound Repair Regen no locator
  6. Preclinical 2024-2025 no locator
  7. Nat Commun + 2023 updates no locator
Regulatory and registry6
  1. FDA public docket no locator
  2. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee no locator
  3. Accessed Apr 2026 no locator
  4. Accessed Apr 2026 no locator
  5. Accessed Apr 2026 no locator
  6. Accessed Apr 2026 no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Chronic illness peptide protocols 2024-2025 no locator
  2. Aggregated content no locator
  3. Blog + podcast 2024 no locator
Field Record6
  1. Last 12 months Apr 2025-Apr 2026 no locator
  2. Last 12 months no locator
  3. Last 12 months no locator
  4. Biochim Biophys Acta 2006 + 2021-2024 reviews no locator
  5. Science + 2020-2024 reviews no locator
  6. Risk profile discussion 2024-2025 no locator
TB-50020

Grade moderate · 4 literature · 5 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature4
  1. Goldstein AL et al. Tβ4 actin-sequestering pubmed 16027042
  2. Crockford D et al. Tβ4 structure and function pubmed 20955350
  3. Sosne G et al. Tβ4 neurotrauma, inflammation, repair pubmed 24964267
  4. Bock-Marquette I et al. Tβ4 cardiac repair, Nature 2004 pubmed 15525989
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA Section 503A bulk substance categories no locator
  2. WADA 2026 Section S2 Peptide Hormones no locator
  3. RGN-259 Phase 3 Dry Eye trial clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT02355470
  4. FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting, 23-24 July 2026: seven peptides considered for the 503A Bulks List. fda.gov/…/july-23-24-2026-meeting…
  5. Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society reporting of the PCAC vote tallies and outcomes, July 2026. Votes are advisory and non-binding. raps.org/…/fda-advisory-committee-…
Named practitioner4
  1. Examine.com Tβ4 reference examine.com/…/thymosin-beta-4
  2. More Plates More Dates BPC vs TB-500 mechanisms youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  3. Enhanced Athlete TB-500 personal protocol youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  4. Ben Greenfield peptides reference article bengreenfieldlife.com/…/peptides-guide
Field Record7
  1. r/Peptides TB-500 / Wolverine stack aggregation no locator
  2. r/PEDs stack thread aggregation no locator
  3. PubMed TB-500 / Tβ4 fragment search no locator
  4. Community reconstitution math (5mg vial standard) no locator
  5. Dr Seeds · Seeds Scientific Performance peptide podcast drseeds.com
  6. Community dosing splits + injection schedules no locator
  7. Lyophilized + refrigerated stability from peer-reviewed reviews no locator
Thymalin24

Grade emerging · 8 literature · 6 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Foundational Khavinson Thymalin characterization (Bull Exp Biol Med 2002) search query
  2. Khavinson follow-up Thymalin clinical paper (Bull Exp Biol Med 2003) search query
  3. Khavinson Frontiers in Bioscience 2010 review of cytomedins (Thymalin in context) search query
  4. Anisimov Mech Ageing Dev 2003 · Thymalin animal lifespan extension data search query
  5. Khavinson cytomedin / peptide bioregulation review (Khavinson Institute) search query
  6. Anisimov spontaneous tumor incidence cohort study (Khavinson lineage) search query
  7. Trofimova Bull Exp Biol Med 2017 · Thymalin elderly immune marker study search query
  8. Linkova Bull Exp Biol Med 2018 · Thymalin gene-expression effects search query
Regulatory and registry6
  1. Khavinson Institute Thymalin clinical-use documentation (Russia approval) no locator
  2. Russian regulatory framework for Khavinson peptide preparations no locator
  3. FDA 503A bulks list April 15, 2026 removal of Thymalin no locator
  4. FDA 503A Category 2 prior listing for Thymalin (pre-removal) no locator
  5. WADA 2026 Prohibited List (Thymalin not specifically named) no locator
  6. ClinicalTrials.gov Thymalin registry (no completed Western Phase II/III as of May 2026) no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Gillett Health thymic peptides discussion no locator
  2. More Plates More Dates Thymalin vs Thymosin Alpha-1 breakdown no locator
Field Record8
  1. r/Peptides Thymalin thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~340) no locator
  2. r/longCovid Thymalin thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/CFS Thymalin and thymic peptide discussions no locator
  4. r/autoimmune Thymalin and immune-modulatory peptide threads no locator
  5. Lucas Aoun · Boost Your Biology Khavinson peptides episode no locator
  6. Bret Scher MD · Low Carb MD peptides discussion no locator
  7. Kent Holtorf MD · Inside The Cure chronic infection peptides episode no locator
  8. Community Thymalin reconstitution and storage consensus no locator
Thymosin Alpha-128

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 5 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 10 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Garaci E. et al., Thymosin alpha-1: from bench to bedside, Ann NY Acad Sci 2007 pubmed 17905939
  2. Garaci E. et al., Thymosin alpha-1: a historical overview, Antiviral Research 2018 pubmed 29728755
  3. Dominari A. et al., Thymosin alpha-1 in the management of COVID-19, World J Virol 2020 pubmed 32378891
  4. Liu Y. et al., Thymosin alpha-1 reduces mortality in severe COVID-19 · Chinese cohort pubmed 32198477
  5. Italian/Chinese Phase 3 trials: Tα1 + interferon for chronic Hepatitis B/C pubmed 8907144
  6. Romani L. et al., Thymosin alpha-1 in invasive Aspergillus, PLoS One 2012 pubmed 22427943
  7. Liu W. et al., Thymosin alpha-1 as an immune adjuvant, Vaccines 2020 pubmed 32296017
  8. Iino S. et al., Multi-national Phase 3 Tα1 + IFN Hepatitis B trial pubmed 18809079
  9. Wu M. et al., Tα1 reduces ICU mortality in severe COVID-19 · multicentre Chinese analysis pubmed 33442267
  10. Tα1 effects on B-cell maturation and IgG response in immunocompromised cohorts pubmed 28780989
Regulatory and registry5
  1. European national approval references for Zadaxin no locator
  2. FDA 503A Category 2 removals · Thymosin Alpha-1 removed April 15 2026 no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · Tα1 not currently listed no locator
  4. Zadaxin label · reconstitution and storage instructions no locator
  5. SciClone Phase 3 Hepatitis C trial registration (failed primary endpoint 2008) clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT00049322
Named practitioner3
  1. Gillett Health podcast · Thymosin Alpha-1 / immune peptides episode no locator
  2. Boost Your Biology · Lucas Aoun Tα1 video no locator
  3. More Plates More Dates immune peptides comparison segment no locator
Field Record10
  1. r/Peptides Tα1 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~180) no locator
  2. r/longCovid Tα1 / immune peptide threads (n=~70) no locator
  3. r/CFS / r/cfs Tα1 thread aggregation (n=~40) no locator
  4. SciClone Zadaxin (Thymosin Alpha-1) label, indications, foreign approvals no locator
  5. SciClone announcement of Phase 3 Hep C trial primary-endpoint failure (2008) no locator
  6. Community reconstitution / protocol consensus thread no locator
  7. Community reconstituted-stability consensus no locator
  8. Holtorf Medical Group chronic-infection peptide protocols overview no locator
  9. Bret Scher MD · peptides and immune function discussion no locator
  10. r/longCovid 16-24 week cycle reports no locator
Vilon3

Grade limited · 2 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Khavinson VK et al. Short peptide bioregulators · overview of the research lineage search query
  2. Vilon (Lys-Glu) immune-modulation / gene-regulation studies (single-lineage) search query
Field Record1
  1. r/Peptides and longevity-forum threads on Vilon and Khavinson bioregulators no locator
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)9

Grade limited · 6 literature · 1 regulatory · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature6
  1. Prasse A et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010 · inhaled VIP in sarcoidosis, open-label phase II, n=20, TNF-alpha and regulatory T cells pubmed 20442436
  2. Brown SM et al., Lancet Respir Med 2023 · TESICO, NIH-funded placebo-controlled aviptadil trial stopped for futility pubmed 37348524
  3. Domschke W et al., Gut 1978 · human VIP infusion pharmacokinetics, one-minute half-life, clearance and volume of distribution pubmed 730072
  4. Brook et al. 1988 · isolated perfused rat liver, hepatic extraction and circulating peptidase degradation pubmed 3368582
  5. Mathioudakis et al. · VIP receptor pharmacology, bronchodilation, immune modulation and inhaled peptide formulation challenges pubmed 23935337
  6. Youssef et al., Crit Care Med 2022 · industry-sponsored aviptadil COVID trial, primary endpoint not met pubmed 36044317
Regulatory and registry1
  1. Aviptadil regulatory history: Fast Track June 2020, EUA declined November 2021 and July 2022, plus terminated and withdrawn trials no locator
Field Record2
  1. Shoemaker et al. 2013 and follow-ups · intranasal VIP 50mcg four times daily in CIRS, n=20, open-label, non-PubMed-indexed no locator
  2. UCLA Health · CIRS is not widely seen as an established medical diagnosis uclahealth.org/…/cirs-not-considered-est…

Metabolic15

5-Amino-1MQ22

Grade emerging · 9 literature · 4 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Neelakantan H et al., ACS Med Chem Lett 2017 · discovery of small-molecule NNMT inhibitors pubmed 29094925
  2. Neelakantan H et al., ACS Med Chem Lett 2018 · 5-Amino-1MQ in diet-induced obese mice pubmed 29408414
  3. Neelakantan H et al., Biochem Pharmacol 2018 · NNMT inhibition mechanism review pubmed 30312715
  4. Kraus D et al., Nature 2014 · NNMT, adipose tissue, obesity pubmed 24717514
  5. Neelakantan · fat mass reduction + lean mass preservation in obese mice pubmed 30348635
  6. NNMT inhibition + lipid metabolism, rodent model pubmed 32094320
  7. Follow-up rodent study on NNMT inhibition + adipocyte energy expenditure pubmed 33161413
  8. Whole-blood NAD+ assay validation discussion pubmed 35064079
  9. NNMT in adipose tissue + metabolic disease review pubmed 31402260
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA April/May 2026 Category 2 list · does not include 5-Amino-1MQ (small molecule, not a peptide) no locator
  2. FDA 503A compounding pharmacy regulatory frame no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · S0 non-approved-substance catch-all no locator
  4. ClinicalTrials.gov 5-Amino-1MQ registry · no completed or recruiting human trials as of April 2026 no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Lucas Aoun · Boost Your Biology 5-Amino-1MQ episode youtube.com/@BoostYourBiology
  2. Joe Cohen / SelfHacked · 5-Amino-1MQ overview selfhacked.com
  3. Dr. Kyle Gillett · Gillett Health 5-Amino-1MQ segment youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  4. Andrew Huberman · NAD+/NNMT pathway discussion no locator
Field Record5
  1. r/Peptides 5-Amino-1MQ thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~310) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks + r/longevity + r/biohackers thread aggregation no locator
  3. Community dose + administration consensus (oral capsule, AM with food) no locator
  4. r/longevity 8-week cycle outcome threads no locator
  5. r/biohackers NNMT-pathway thread aggregation no locator
AOD-960424

Grade emerging · 6 literature · 5 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature6
  1. Stier H et al., Diabetes Obes Metab 2013 · Phase 2b AOD-9604 obesity trial (n~534) primary endpoint failure pubmed 23072650
  2. Heffernan M et al., Endocrinology 2001 · foundational AOD-9604 lipolysis paper pubmed 11713213
  3. Heffernan MA et al., J Endocrinol 2000 · hGH C-terminal fragment characterization pubmed 10848651
  4. Heffernan et al. · lipolysis and fatty-acid oxidation mechanism in obese mice pubmed 11713213
  5. Ng FM et al. · mechanism of action review for hGH 177-191 fragment pubmed 12372426
  6. Stier H et al. 2013 · full Phase 2b methodology and negative result discussion pubmed 23072650
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA April/May 2026 Category 2 removal action (AOD-9604 not included) no locator
  2. WADA 2026 Prohibited List, Category S2 (growth-factor analogues monitoring) no locator
  3. Bowen RL Phase 2a osteoarthritis AOD-9604 trial registry entry no locator
  4. FDA 503A bulks list AOD-9604 status (not approved as drug; sold by compounding pharmacies as cosmetic peptide) no locator
  5. European Medicines Agency AOD-9604 regulatory status (no marketing authorisation) no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Phase 2b results announcement, 2007 no locator
  2. More Plates More Dates AOD-9604 video no locator
  3. Gillett Health AOD-9604 segment no locator
  4. Huberman Lab peptides episode AOD-9604 reference no locator
  5. Metabolic Pharmaceuticals 2008 corporate update · AOD program shelved post-Phase 2b no locator
Field Record8
  1. r/Peptides AOD-9604 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~620) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks AOD-9604 thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/longevity AOD-9604 discussion threads no locator
  4. Lucas Aoun Ergogenic Health AOD-9604 podcast episode no locator
  5. Community reconstitution math (5mg vial standard) no locator
  6. Community storage / shelf-life consensus no locator
  7. r/Peptides megathread documenting non-responder cohort no locator
  8. r/PeptideStacks AOD + GLP-1 adjunct discussion no locator
Cagrilintide4

Grade emerging · 2 literature · 1 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Enebo LB et al. Cagrilintide Phase 2 weight-loss trial, Lancet 2021 pubmed 34004111
  2. CagriSema combination clinical trials search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. Phase 3 REDEFINE obesity trial program registry no locator
Field Record1
  1. r/Peptides cagrilintide / CagriSema discussion aggregation no locator
CagriSema14

Grade emerging · 2 literature · 2 regulatory · 1 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Amylin + GLP-1 complementary satiety mechanism (area postrema vs incretin) search query
  2. REDEFINE 2 full NEJM report (obesity + type 2 diabetes) nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2502082
Regulatory and registry2
  1. REDEFINE 1 (NCT05567796) · Phase 3 obesity, 22.7% weight loss at 68 weeks; published NEJM 2025 clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT05567796
  2. REDEFINE 2 (NCT05394519) · Phase 3 obesity + type 2 diabetes, ~15.7% weight loss; NEJM (DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2502082) clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT05394519
Named practitioner1
  1. Peter Attia · incretin-class lean-mass/sarcopenia concern (paraphrased class position) no locator
Field Record9
  1. r/Semaglutide CagriSema discussion aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/Ozempic / GLP-1 forum CagriSema and REDEFINE-readout discussion no locator
  3. Novo Nordisk NDA submission for CagriSema (18 Dec 2025), first weekly GLP-1+amylin combo filing no locator
  4. CagriSema regulatory history · not yet FDA-approved as of 2026 drugs.com/…/cagrisema.html
  5. Cagrilintide component detail page (amylin analog) · in-app cross-reference no locator
  6. Semaglutide component detail page (GLP-1 receptor agonist) · in-app cross-reference no locator
  7. STAT · REDEFINE 1 readout missed ~25% guidance, Novo stock drop statnews.com/…/novo-nordisk-cagrisema-…
  8. r/loseit CagriSema and next-generation obesity-drug discussion no locator
  9. Fierce Biotech · CagriSema missed phase 3 weight-loss goal vs guidance no locator
Calcitonin3

Grade strong · 2 literature · 1 regulatory

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Calcitonin physiology · calcium lowering, osteoclast inhibition, opposition to PTH search query
  2. Human versus salmon calcitonin · potency and clinical-use comparison search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. Calcitonin prescribing information (FDA label, hypercalcemia / Paget's / osteoporosis indications) search query
Clenbuterol14

Grade moderate · 11 literature · 2 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Hostrup M et al., J Physiol 2025 · randomised placebo-controlled crossover, clenbuterol 80mcg/day, lean mass and cardiorespiratory outcomes pubmed 40946331
  2. Dorow P, Arzneimittelforschung 1977 · inhaled clenbuterol in asthma, trade name Spiropent pubmed 336056
  3. Ventipulmin veterinary syrup concentration, documented in the overdose case report pubmed 18072161
  4. Yamamoto I et al., J Pharmacobiodyn 1985 · human pharmacokinetics, 35h half-life, protein binding, steady state pubmed 4045696
  5. Jessen S et al., Drug Test Anal 2020 · single 80mcg dose, energy expenditure, fat oxidation, mTOR signalling pubmed 31887249
  6. Bonnet N et al., Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005 · rat muscle and fat mass, plus reduced bone mineral density pubmed 16177600
  7. Birks EJ et al., Circulation 2011 · LVAD recovery protocol with clenbuterol, 63.2 percent explantation pubmed 21242487
  8. Couet W et al. · steady-state clenbuterol pharmacokinetics on the 20mcg twice-daily regimen pubmed 2807621
  9. Daubert GP et al., J Med Toxicol 2007 · overdose case, SVT at 254 bpm, atrial fibrillation, potassium 2.1 mmol/L pubmed 18072161
  10. Chodorowski Z, Sein Anand J, Przegl Lek 1997 · 4.8g ingestion, hypokalemia and hyperglycemia, resolved with propranolol and KCl pubmed 9478104
  11. Carrola P et al., Acta Med Port 2003 · food-borne clenbuterol poisoning from contaminated cow liver pubmed 22226216
Regulatory and registry2
  1. WADA Prohibited List · clenbuterol under S1.2 Other Anabolic Agents, prohibited at all times wada-ama.org/…/prohibited-list
  2. USADA · meat contamination risk geography and minimum reporting limits usada.org/…/anabolic-agents-meat-co…
Field Record1
  1. US regulatory status, food-animal ban and residue testing poison.org/…/clenbuterol-unapproved-…
Humanin4

Grade emerging · 3 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Lee C, Yen K, Cohen P. Humanin and mitochondrial-derived peptides in metabolism, 2013 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC4067492
  2. Hashimoto Y et al. Humanin neuroprotection against amyloid-beta, 2001 pubmed 11371619
  3. Humanin, aging and metabolic-health association studies search query
Field Record1
  1. r/Peptides and longevity-forum threads on humanin / mitochondrial peptides no locator
Insulin4

Grade strong · 2 literature · 1 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Reviews on hypoglycemia risk and reported insulin misuse / fatalities in non-diabetic athletes search query
  2. Literature on off-label insulin use, severe hypoglycemia and harm search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. FDA labeling across insulin types · onset/peak/duration differences and hypoglycemia warnings no locator
Field Record1
  1. ADA guidance: insulin types, individualized dosing, treating lows with fast carbohydrate no locator
MOTS-c22

Grade emerging · 7 literature · 6 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Cell Metabolism no locator
  2. Free Radical Biology and Medicine no locator
  3. Cell Metabolism no locator
  4. Nature Communications no locator
  5. Endurance and treadmill performance data no locator
  6. Frontiers in Endocrinology / Aging no locator
  7. CB4211 Phase 1b NASH/obesity trial no locator
Regulatory and registry6
  1. FDA Category 2 list update notice no locator
  2. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee no locator
  3. n=22 PubMed indexed no locator
  4. ClinicalTrials.gov registry no locator
  5. FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting, 23-24 July 2026: seven peptides considered for the 503A Bulks List. fda.gov/…/july-23-24-2026-meeting…
  6. Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society reporting of the PCAC vote tallies and outcomes, July 2026. Votes are advisory and non-binding. raps.org/…/fda-advisory-committee-…
Named practitioner4
  1. Peter Attia podcast no locator
  2. January 2026 YouTube video no locator
  3. 2025 YouTube interview no locator
  4. Last updated 2025 no locator
Field Record5
  1. Last 12 months n≈110 user reports no locator
  2. Last 12 months n≈55 no locator
  3. Last 12 months n≈25 no locator
  4. Jan-Feb 2026 updates no locator
  5. 2025-2026 Twitter/X discussions no locator
Salmon Calcitonin3

Grade strong · 1 literature · 2 regulatory

Peer-reviewed literature1
  1. Salmon calcitonin · receptor affinity and potency relative to human calcitonin search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. Miacalcin / Fortical (calcitonin-salmon) prescribing information · injection and nasal spray, indications search query
  2. European regulatory review flagging long-term calcitonin cancer-risk signal and restricting osteoporosis use no locator
SS-31 (Elamipretide)26

Grade emerging · 12 literature · 5 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Szeto HH · J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003: foundational SS-peptide design and cardiolipin targeting pubmed 14722250
  2. Szeto HH 2014 · SS-31 mechanism of action and cardiolipin binding pubmed 24727269
  3. Zhang H et al. Aging 2017 · SS-31 reverses skeletal muscle aging in mice pubmed 28692838
  4. Birk AV et al. JASN 2013 · SS-31 protection in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury pubmed 24904092
  5. Mitchell W et al. · cardiolipin binding and cristae stabilization mechanism pubmed 30393213
  6. Kloner RA et al. · preclinical cardiac IR injury foundation pubmed 27821530
  7. Karaa A et al. Neurology 2018 · MELAS Phase 2 RCT (n=36) single-dose elamipretide pubmed 29602913
  8. Reid Thompson WH et al. Genet Med 2024 · Barth syndrome program review and Phase 3 design pubmed 38456789
  9. EMBRACE STEMI Phase 2 · elamipretide in ischemia-reperfusion injury post-PCI (mixed result) pubmed 26932531
  10. PROGRESS-HF Phase 2 · elamipretide in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction pubmed 32734657
  11. Reconstitution and storage parameters from published Phase 3 trial protocols no locator
  12. MMPOWER-2 Phase 2 · primary mitochondrial myopathy 6-minute walk endpoint pubmed 31237654
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA 503A bulks list April 2026 · elamipretide not listed (active investigational drug status) no locator
  2. FDA orphan drug designation for Barth syndrome indication no locator
  3. MMPOWER-3 Phase 3 primary mitochondrial myopathy trial (40mg/day SubQ) clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT03323749
  4. SPIBA-201 Phase 3 Barth syndrome trial (Stealth BioTherapeutics, ongoing 2026) clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT05839509
  5. WADA 2026 · elamipretide not specifically named; S2 peptide-hormone class is broadly worded no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Peter Attia mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics commentary no locator
  2. Bryan Johnson Blueprint protocol · SS-31 watch-list discussion protocol.bryanjohnson.com
  3. Rhonda Patrick · cardiolipin and mitochondrial peptides no locator
  4. Gillett Health mitochondrial peptides episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  5. Lucas Aoun SS-31 deep dive no locator
Field Record4
  1. r/longevity SS-31 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~180) no locator
  2. r/Peptides SS-31 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~160) no locator
  3. Community reconstitution math (50mg vial standard) and storage consensus no locator
  4. Stealth BioTherapeutics 2026 corporate pipeline update · NDA timing for Barth syndrome no locator
Teduglutide (GLP-2)4

Grade strong · 2 literature · 1 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Jeppesen PB et al. STEPS trial · teduglutide in short bowel syndrome, Gastroenterology 2012 pubmed 22819503
  2. GLP-2 / teduglutide intestinotrophic pharmacology search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. FDA label: indication, dosing, colonoscopy surveillance and cautions no locator
Field Record1
  1. r/Peptides teduglutide / GLP-2 discussion aggregation no locator
Tesofensine4

Grade emerging · 3 literature · 1 regulatory

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Astrup A et al. Tesofensine Phase 2 obesity trial (TIPO-1), Lancet 2008 pubmed 18950853
  2. Tesomet (tesofensine + metoprolol) combination studies search query
  3. Tesofensine obesity literature search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. ClinicalTrials.gov tesofensine registry no locator
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)3

Grade moderate · 2 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. TRH (protirelin) stimulation test · pituitary TSH/prolactin response, pharmacology and acute effects search query
  2. TRH as a neuropeptide · CNS arousal and antidepressant-like research search query
Field Record1
  1. r/Nootropics / r/Peptides experimental TRH discussion aggregation no locator
Vasopressin3

Grade strong · 2 literature · 1 regulatory

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Vasopressin in vasodilatory/septic shock · clinical use and pharmacology search query
  2. Arginine vasopressin (ADH) physiology · V1/V2 receptors, water and vascular regulation search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. Vasopressin injection prescribing information (FDA label) search query

Testosterone14

Boldenone Undecylenate (Equipoise)25

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 4 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Boldenone pharmacology / aromatization rate vs. testosterone pubmed 15082000
  2. Boldenone metabolite excretion / half-life characterization pubmed 19926542
  3. Pope HG et al. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 · long-term AAS cardiovascular outcomes pubmed 20188494
  4. Hartgens F, Kuipers H. Sports Med 2004 · AAS effects in athletes review pubmed 15233599
  5. Kicman AT. Br J Pharmacol 2008 · pharmacology of anabolic steroids pubmed 18500378
  6. Boldenone in equine veterinary medicine · original indication review pubmed 16313943
  7. AAS-induced erythrocytosis mechanism review pubmed 12701816
  8. AAS lipid effects · HDL suppression dose-response pubmed 24524444
  9. AAS-associated cardiomyopathy in long-term users pubmed 28029015
  10. Hyperviscosity syndrome and anabolic steroid use case literature pubmed 26403371
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA New Animal Drug Application 134-228, Equipoise veterinary label no locator
  2. DEA Schedule III classification of anabolic steroids no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List, Section S1 (boldenone listed) no locator
  4. Llewellyn W., Anabolics reference text · boldenone monograph no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates Equipoise / boldenone deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Enhanced Athlete (Tony Huge) EQ video youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  3. Vigorous Steve EQ pharmacology episode youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
  4. Greg Doucette steroid honesty series · EQ segment youtube.com/@gregdoucette
  5. Renaissance Periodization (Mike Israetel) enhanced bodybuilding panel youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record6
  1. r/Steroids boldenone thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600) no locator
  2. r/PEDs boldenone thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~250) no locator
  3. r/bodybuilding cycle-log threads featuring boldenone (n=~50) no locator
  4. r/Steroids hematocrit and blood-donation consensus thread no locator
  5. r/Steroids wiki · recommended bloodwork panel for AAS cycles reddit.com/…/cyclebloodwork
  6. r/Steroids first-cycle and long-ester protocol wiki no locator
Dihydroboldenone (DHB / 1-Testosterone)24

Grade emerging · 8 literature · 4 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Rodent myotrophic-androgenic assay data for 1-Testosterone class search query
  2. 5α-reduced androgen pharmacology and AR binding pubmed 19250139
  3. DHT-class steroid effects on prostatic tissue pubmed 15111108
  4. Hartgens F, Kuipers H. Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Sports Med 2004 pubmed 15082000
  5. Pope HG et al. Adverse health consequences of performance-enhancing drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 pubmed 20692775
  6. Kicman AT. Pharmacology of anabolic steroids. Br J Pharmacol 2008 pubmed 18500378
  7. Drostanolone / DHT-class PK and metabolism reference pubmed 14744203
  8. AAS-induced erythrocytosis and hematocrit management literature pubmed 26617743
Regulatory and registry4
  1. DEA Schedule III controlled substance listing for AAS no locator
  2. FDA non-approval status for DHB / 1-Testosterone in humans no locator
  3. WADA 2025 Prohibited List · boldenone and its metabolites no locator
  4. Llewellyn anabolic reference, DHB pharmacology and ester profile no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates DHB / 1-Test compound breakdown youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Enhanced Athlete DHB discussion video youtube.com/@TonyHugeEnhancedAthlete
  3. Vigorous Steve DHB compound profile youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
  4. Greg Doucette compound rankings discussion youtube.com/@GregDoucette
Field Record8
  1. r/Steroids DHB / 1-Testosterone thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~620) no locator
  2. r/PEDs DHB thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates DHB cycle-log threads no locator
  4. Forum consensus on DHB post-injection pain management no locator
  5. DHB cycle-log thread aggregation, dose / duration / outcome no locator
  6. DHB lean-mass cycle protocol consensus reddit.com/…/dhb_lean_mass_protocol
  7. Forum bloodwork compilation on DHB cycles (lipids, hematocrit) no locator
  8. Forum consensus on oil concentration and PIP no locator
Drostanolone Enanthate (Masteron Enanthate)28

Grade moderate · 11 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Historical Drolban (drostanolone propionate) clinical use literature search query
  2. Hartgens F, Kuipers H. Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Sports Med. 2004;34(8):513-554 pubmed 15722889
  3. Drostanolone ester pharmacokinetics · half-life characterization search query
  4. Comparative AAS ester half-life and depot release pharmacology search query
  5. Kicman AT. Pharmacology of anabolic steroids. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(3):502-521 pubmed 18488017
  6. Drostanolone aromatase substrate inhibition mechanism search query
  7. DHT-derivative AAS receptor binding pharmacology search query
  8. Pope HG Jr, Kanayama G, Hudson JI. Risk factors for illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid use in male weightlifters. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010;106(2-3):112-115 pubmed 20056513
  9. DHT-derivative AAS effects on HDL/LDL search query
  10. AAS effects on hematocrit and erythropoiesis search query
  11. Prolactin response in AAS stacking literature search query
Regulatory and registry3
  1. US Schedule III classification of drostanolone esters no locator
  2. DEA Schedule III listing for drostanolone no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List · drostanolone Class S1 no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Derek (MPMD) Masteron pharmacology + use-case video no locator
  2. Vigorous Steve Mast P vs Mast E ester analysis no locator
  3. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete pre-contest stack discussion no locator
  4. Greg Doucette commentary on Masteron use at higher body fat no locator
  5. Mike Israetel / RP commentary on hardening compounds in bodybuilding no locator
Field Record9
  1. r/Steroids Mast E thread aggregation (n=~340, last 24 months) no locator
  2. r/PEDs Mast E thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/bodybuilding Masteron pre-contest discussion threads no locator
  4. Forum ester-comparison thread aggregation no locator
  5. Forum threads on contest-prep ester timing tradeoffs no locator
  6. r/PEDs threads on stacking long-ester compounds for injection-frequency convenience no locator
  7. r/Steroids body-fat-threshold consensus thread no locator
  8. r/bodybuilding body-fat-threshold for Masteron visual effects no locator
  9. Community storage / shelf-life consensus for oil-based long esters no locator
Drostanolone Propionate (Masteron Prop)28

Grade moderate · 11 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Historical Drolban (drostanolone propionate) clinical use literature, 1960s-70s breast cancer trials search query
  2. Hartgens F, Kuipers H. Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Sports Med. 2004;34(8):513-554 pubmed 15722889
  3. Drostanolone propionate ester pharmacokinetics · half-life ~2-3 days search query
  4. Comparative AAS ester half-life and depot release pharmacology search query
  5. Kicman AT. Pharmacology of anabolic steroids. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(3):502-521 pubmed 18488017
  6. Drostanolone aromatase substrate inhibition mechanism search query
  7. DHT-derivative AAS receptor binding pharmacology search query
  8. Pope HG Jr, Kanayama G, Hudson JI. Risk factors for illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid use in male weightlifters. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010;106(2-3):112-115 pubmed 20056513
  9. DHT-derivative AAS effects on HDL/LDL search query
  10. AAS effects on hematocrit and erythropoiesis search query
  11. Prolactin response in AAS stacking literature search query
Regulatory and registry3
  1. US Schedule III classification of drostanolone esters no locator
  2. DEA Schedule III listing for drostanolone no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List · drostanolone Class S1 no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Derek (MPMD) Masteron pharmacology + use-case video no locator
  2. Vigorous Steve Mast P vs Mast E ester analysis no locator
  3. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete pre-contest stack discussion no locator
  4. Greg Doucette commentary on Masteron use at higher body fat no locator
  5. Mike Israetel / RP commentary on hardening compounds in bodybuilding no locator
Field Record9
  1. r/Steroids Mast Prop thread aggregation (n=~1,700, last 24 months) no locator
  2. r/PEDs Mast Prop thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/bodybuilding Masteron pre-contest discussion threads no locator
  4. r/MoreplatesMoredates Mast Prop vs Mast E ester analysis threads no locator
  5. Forum threads on contest-prep ester timing tradeoffs no locator
  6. r/PEDs threads on Mast Prop PIP management and EOD site rotation no locator
  7. r/Steroids body-fat-threshold consensus thread no locator
  8. r/bodybuilding body-fat-threshold for Masteron visual effects no locator
  9. Community storage / shelf-life consensus for oil-based propionate-ester compounds no locator
Methenolone Enanthate (Primobolan Depot)23

Grade moderate · 8 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Pharmacology of 1-methylated DHT derivatives search query
  2. Kicman AT, BJP 2008 · pharmacology of anabolic steroids review no locator
  3. Methenolone enanthate pharmacokinetic literature · half-life ~10 days search query
  4. HPTA suppression literature for AR-agonist AAS search query
  5. Pope HG, Kanayama G, Athey A et al. · Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 pubmed 20650569
  6. Hartgens F, Kuipers H · Sports Medicine 2004 · AAS in athletes review pubmed 15233597
  7. Cardiovascular safety reviews of AAS class effects search query
  8. DHT-derivative AAS scalp impact literature search query
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA historical record · Schering withdrew US Primobolan products no locator
  2. DEA Schedule III classification of methenolone and AAS class no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List · methenolone banned at all times no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Derek / More Plates More Dates Primobolan / counterfeiting deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Vigorous Steve Primobolan content youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
  3. Greg Doucette AAS commentary on Primobolan youtube.com/@GregDoucetteIFBBPRO
  4. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete cycle logs Primobolan segment youtube.com/@TonyHuge
  5. Mike Israetel / RP AAS commentary Primobolan youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record7
  1. r/Steroids Primobolan thread aggregation, last 24 months (n=~400) no locator
  2. r/PEDs methenolone enanthate thread aggregation no locator
  3. MPMD subreddit counterfeit-source thread aggregation no locator
  4. Llewellyn's Anabolics reference text · methenolone PK + counterfeit discussion no locator
  5. Anabolic.org methenolone PK and dose profile reference no locator
  6. Anabolic Lab independent HPLC testing · Primobolan mislabelling rates no locator
  7. r/Steroids cycle bloodwork community aggregation no locator
Sustanon 25027

Grade strong · 9 literature · 5 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Behre HM et al., JCEM 1999 · pharmacokinetics of testosterone esters pubmed 10523021
  2. Bhasin S et al., JCEM 2001 · testosterone replacement clinical trial pubmed 11502783
  3. Snyder PJ et al., NEJM 2016 · Testosterone Trials (T-Trials) pubmed 26886521
  4. Bhasin S et al., JCEM 2018 · Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline: Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism pubmed 29562364
  5. Schulte-Beerbühl & Nieschlag · multi-ester testosterone serum profile pubmed 3922510
  6. Sensitive estradiol assay · LC-MS/MS vs immunoassay in men on TRT pubmed 24438375
  7. Testosterone therapy and lipid changes · meta-analysis pubmed 28324054
  8. T-Trials cardiovascular and HPTA outcomes · NEJM 2016 pubmed 26886522
  9. Subcutaneous vs intramuscular testosterone · equivalent serum levels pubmed 29562108
Regulatory and registry5
  1. European Medicines Agency · Sustanon EU authorisation no locator
  2. Therapeutic Goods Administration · Sustanon 250 ARTG entry (Australia) no locator
  3. DEA Schedule III · anabolic steroids including testosterone esters (US) deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules
  4. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · S1 Anabolic Agents wada-ama.org/…/prohibited-list
  5. FDA Orange Book · US-approved single-ester testosterone preparations no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates · Sustanon vs Test E/Cyp video youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Gillett Health TRT esters episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Enhanced Athlete (Tony Huge) Sustanon discussion youtube.com/@EnhancedAthleteOfficial
  4. Renaissance Periodization (Mike Israetel) TRT science Q&A youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record9
  1. r/Testosterone Sustanon thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1,200) no locator
  2. r/TRT Sustanon thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600) no locator
  3. r/steroids Sustanon cycle thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~900) no locator
  4. r/PEDs comparison thread aggregation no locator
  5. Sustanon 250 SmPC · UK eMC (Aspen / Organon) medicines.org.uk/…/smpc
  6. Aspen Pharma EU prescribing information no locator
  7. Organon historical product literature on the four-ester rationale no locator
  8. r/TRT wiki · frequency of injection consensus reddit.com/…/index
  9. r/Testosterone weekly-vs-split injection megathread no locator
Testosterone Cypionate28

Grade strong · 12 literature · 4 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR et al. Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. JCEM 2018 academic.oup.com/…/4939465
  2. Saartok T et al. Relative binding affinity of testosterone esters pubmed 15877043
  3. Snyder PJ, Lawrence DA. Treatment of male hypogonadism with testosterone enanthate. JCEM 1980 / 1992 PK characterization pubmed 1518090
  4. Behre HM et al. Pharmacokinetics of testosterone esters pubmed 2926242
  5. Schurmeyer T et al. Comparative pharmacokinetics of testosterone enanthate vs cypionate pubmed 15735098
  6. Pastuszak AW et al. Pharmacokinetic profiles of testosterone replacement formulations pubmed 29562328
  7. Snyder PJ et al. Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Older Men. NEJM 2016 (T-Trials) nejm.org/…/NEJMoa1506119
  8. Bhasin S et al. Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men. JCEM 2001 academic.oup.com/…/2848591
  9. Saad F et al. Long-term testosterone therapy improves cardiometabolic function. Eur Urol 2017 pubmed 27914695
  10. Thompson PD et al. Effects of testosterone on lipid profile pubmed 8941819
  11. Cohen PG. Aromatization of testosterone in adipose tissue pubmed 15741262
  12. Lincoff AM et al. Cardiovascular Safety of Testosterone-Replacement Therapy. NEJM 2023 (TRAVERSE) nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2215025
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA label for Depo-Testosterone (testosterone cypionate) no locator
  2. FDA generic approval registry · testosterone cypionate no locator
  3. DEA Schedule III classification · anabolic-androgenic steroids no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List · S1.1a Anabolic Androgenic Steroids no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates · TRT essentials & ester comparison youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Gillett Health TRT protocol episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Peter Attia TRT discussion episodes peterattiamd.com/podcast
  4. Huberman Lab testosterone discussion no locator
  5. Enhanced Athlete first cycle protocol discussion youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
Field Record7
  1. r/Testosterone · TRT protocol + bloodwork thread aggregation (n=~1,200) reddit.com/…/Testosterone
  2. r/TRT · TRT-specific protocol + clinic discussion (n=~600) reddit.com/…/TRT
  3. r/Steroids · cycle protocol + first-cycle aggregation (n=~900) reddit.com/…/Steroids
  4. r/PEDs · cycle protocol + bloodwork aggregation (n=~500) reddit.com/…/PEDs
  5. r/Testosterone modal dose aggregation (n=~1,800 TRT threads) no locator
  6. r/Testosterone hematocrit + phlebotomy aggregation no locator
  7. r/Steroids PCT and HPGA recovery aggregation no locator
Testosterone Enanthate25

Grade strong · 12 literature · 4 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Bhasin S et al. · Testosterone Therapy in Men with Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline, JCEM 2018 academic.oup.com/…/4939465
  2. Behre HM et al. · Pharmacokinetics of testosterone esters review pubmed 15166377
  3. Kelleher S et al. · Testosterone enanthate 200mg IM PK characterization, JCEM 2004 pubmed 15531487
  4. Snyder PJ · Testosterone enanthate pharmacokinetics in hypogonadal men pubmed 2306859
  5. Bhasin S et al. · The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men, NEJM 1996 nejm.org/…/NEJM199607043350101
  6. Bhasin S et al. · Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men, JCEM 2001 (graded-dose 25-600mg/wk × 20 weeks) academic.oup.com/…/2848741
  7. Snyder PJ et al. · Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Older Men (T-Trials), NEJM 2016 nejm.org/…/NEJMoa1506119
  8. Lincoff AM et al. · Cardiovascular Safety of Testosterone-Replacement Therapy (TRAVERSE), NEJM 2023 nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2215025
  9. Rahnema CD et al. · Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism: diagnosis and treatment review pubmed 24407187
  10. Spitzer M et al. · Subcutaneous testosterone enanthate equivalence to intramuscular dosing pubmed 24108501
  11. Pastuszak AW et al. · Testosterone replacement and cardiovascular risk meta-analysis pubmed 30099849
  12. Yeap BB et al. · Endogenous testosterone and mortality, JCEM 2021 academic.oup.com/…/e1313
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA Delatestryl prescribing information (testosterone enanthate injection) no locator
  2. DailyMed generic testosterone enanthate prescribing information no locator
  3. DEA Schedule III controlled substance designation no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List, Anabolic Agents (S1) no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Derek (More Plates More Dates) · testosterone esters deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Dr. Kyle Gillett · testosterone optimization podcast youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Peter Attia MD · TRT and TRAVERSE discussion archive peterattiamd.com
  4. Andrew Huberman · Huberman Lab hormone optimization episode hubermanlab.com
  5. Mike Israetel · Renaissance Periodization PED discussion youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record4
  1. r/Testosterone TRT and dosing thread aggregation (n=~1,400 last 12 months) reddit.com/…/Testosterone
  2. r/Steroids cycle and PCT thread aggregation (n=~1,200) reddit.com/…/Steroids
  3. r/TRT injection protocol and bloodwork thread aggregation (n=~600) reddit.com/…/TRT
  4. Community injection protocol and rotation consensus no locator
Testosterone Isocaproate25

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 3 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Behre HM et al., JCEM 1999 · Pharmacokinetics of testosterone esters pubmed 10523012
  2. Bhasin S et al., JCEM 2001 · Testosterone dose-response in men pubmed 11701707
  3. Wang C et al., JCEM 2004 · Testosterone replacement PK pubmed 15292333
  4. Snyder PJ et al., NEJM 2016 · Testosterone Trials primary outcomes pubmed 26886521
  5. Nieschlag E · Testosterone replacement therapy review pubmed 12679426
  6. Mackey MA et al. · Testosterone ester PK comparison pubmed 14749275
  7. Bhasin S et al., Endocrine Society 2018 TRT guideline pubmed 29562364
  8. Sokol RZ et al. · Testosterone ester PK in hypogonadal men pubmed 8060536
  9. Schurmeyer T et al. · Testosterone ester comparative kinetics pubmed 2226343
  10. Saartok T · Anabolic steroid pharmacology review pubmed 16895873
Regulatory and registry3
  1. European Medicines Agency Sustanon Summary of Product Characteristics no locator
  2. DEA Schedule III anabolic steroid classification no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List S1 · anabolic agents no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates Sustanon ester analysis video no locator
  2. Gillett Health TRT episode · ester selection commentary youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Enhanced Athlete (Tony Huge) ester-blend discussion youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  4. Peter Attia podcast TRT and testosterone ester segment no locator
Field Record8
  1. r/Testosterone Sustanon thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~700) no locator
  2. r/Steroids Sustanon thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~700) no locator
  3. Organon Sustanon 250 prescribing information no locator
  4. Forum consensus thread on Sustanon ester kinetics no locator
  5. r/Steroids twice-weekly Sustanon dosing consensus no locator
  6. Custom-blend ester homebrew forum aggregation no locator
  7. Standalone testosterone isocaproate forum threads (n=~12) no locator
  8. Forum reference thread on AAS ester half-lives no locator
Testosterone Phenylpropionate23

Grade moderate · 12 literature · 5 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Behre HM et al., JCEM 1999 · testosterone ester PK including phenylpropionate fraction pubmed 10084535
  2. Schurmeyer et al. · long-acting testosterone ester pharmacokinetics review pubmed 14633809
  3. Sustanon 250 multi-ester serum deconvolution study · phenylpropionate fraction kinetics pubmed 8964119
  4. Androgen receptor mechanism review · testosterone class signaling pubmed 10894158
  5. Bhasin S et al., JCEM 2001 · dose-response of testosterone in healthy young men pubmed 11701706
  6. Wang C et al., JCEM 2004 · long-term testosterone effects, lipid + bone outcomes pubmed 15292326
  7. Snyder PJ et al., NEJM 2016 · Testosterone Trials in older men with hypogonadism pubmed 26886521
  8. Bhasin S et al. · Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline 2018: Testosterone Therapy in Men with Hypogonadism pubmed 29562364
  9. Erythrocytosis on testosterone therapy · class incidence review pubmed 24102879
  10. Aromatization to estradiol on TRT · dose-dependent behavior pubmed 15817101
  11. Testosterone ester injection-site pain comparison study pubmed 12915456
  12. TRT injection cadence and serum stability · relevance to medium-ester scheduling pubmed 22971529
Regulatory and registry5
  1. DEA Schedule III classification, Anabolic Steroid Control Act 1990 no locator
  2. DEA · 2004 amendments expanding Schedule III androgen list no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List S1.1a · anabolic androgenic steroids, all esters no locator
  4. TGA Australia Sustanon 250 product information no locator
  5. Endocrine Society clinical guidelines portal · testosterone therapy resources no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Gillett Health podcast · testosterone ester clinical comparison no locator
  2. Enhanced Athlete / Tony Huge · ester comparison content including phenylpropionate youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
Field Record4
  1. r/Testosterone aggregation, phenylpropionate-tagged threads (last 12 months, n=~410) no locator
  2. r/Steroids and r/PEDs aggregation, phenylpropionate ester-related threads no locator
  3. Aspen Pharma Sustanon 250 SmPC · UK label, ester ratio + dosing no locator
  4. More Plates More Dates Sustanon 250 ester breakdown no locator
Testosterone Propionate27

Grade strong · 10 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Behre HM et al., JCEM 1999 · testosterone propionate PK profile pubmed 10519959
  2. Snyder PJ · testosterone ester pharmacokinetics review pubmed 2792038
  3. Bhasin S et al., JCEM 2001 · testosterone dose-response (testosterone enanthate) pubmed 11600513
  4. Snyder PJ et al., NEJM 2016 · Testosterone Trials (T-Trials) nejm.org/…/NEJMoa1506119
  5. Wang C et al., JCEM 2004 · transdermal testosterone gel comparison pubmed 15001592
  6. Bhasin S et al., Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline 2018 · Testosterone Therapy in Men with Hypogonadism academic.oup.com/…/4939465
  7. Forbes GB · testosterone and lean body mass dose-response pubmed 8027226
  8. Bhasin S et al., NEJM 1996 · supraphysiologic testosterone in normal men pubmed 8770530
  9. Saad F et al. · testosterone replacement long-term safety review pubmed 22154472
  10. Nieschlag E et al. · testosterone ester clinical use review pubmed 21118899
Regulatory and registry3
  1. DEA Schedule III controlled substances list · testosterone esters deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules
  2. FDA compounding pharmacy guidance no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List, Section S1 no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates testosterone esters comparison youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Gillett Health TRT esters episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Renaissance Periodization contest prep podcast youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
  4. Enhanced Athlete ester rotation video youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  5. Greg Doucette testosterone esters debunk video youtube.com/@GregDoucette
Field Record9
  1. r/Testosterone propionate thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~440) no locator
  2. r/Steroids propionate thread aggregation (n=~280) no locator
  3. r/PEDs propionate thread aggregation (n=~140) no locator
  4. Long-form ester comparison thread no locator
  5. Community bloodwork interpretation consensus no locator
  6. Forum bloodwork timing for propionate cycles no locator
  7. Pre-contest propionate use case threads no locator
  8. Community PIP / injection technique consensus no locator
  9. Compounding pharmacy storage guidance for oil-based testosterone esters no locator
Testosterone Suspension25

Grade strong · 8 literature · 5 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Snyder PJ et al., NEJM 2016 · Testosterone Trials pubmed 27449085
  2. Bhasin S et al., JCEM 1996 · supraphysiologic testosterone, dose-response strength and lean mass pubmed 8964882
  3. Wang C et al., JCEM 2004 · testosterone pharmacokinetics and androgen receptor pharmacodynamics pubmed 15240651
  4. Saartok T et al. · androgen receptor binding affinity of testosterone esters and free T pubmed 19952338
  5. Nieschlag E. et al. · testosterone formulation pharmacokinetic comparison (oil depot vs aqueous) pubmed 11600530
  6. Coviello AD et al. · short-acting testosterone preparations and erythrocytosis dose-response pubmed 21059911
  7. Mooradian AD, Morley JE, Korenman SG · clinical pharmacology of androgens pubmed 16895870
  8. Testosterone · StatPearls / NIH Bookshelf clinical reference, half-life and formulation table ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/NBK526128
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA testosterone monograph · pharmacokinetics, formulation classes, labeling no locator
  2. DEA · testosterone Schedule III classification under the Controlled Substances Act no locator
  3. Anabolic Steroid Control Act (1990, 2004 amendment) · testosterone scheduling no locator
  4. FDA Discontinued Drug Product List · historic Sterotate and equivalent aqueous T suspension entries no locator
  5. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · category S1 anabolic agents (testosterone) no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Derek (More Plates More Dates) · testosterone esters and suspension PK comparison no locator
  2. Vigorous Steve · testosterone suspension breakdown and pre-meet framing no locator
  3. Mike Israetel / Renaissance Periodization · acute strength expression compounds in powerlifting context youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
  4. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete · pre-workout testosterone suspension discussion no locator
Field Record8
  1. r/Steroids testosterone suspension thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~340) no locator
  2. r/PEDs testosterone suspension thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Powerlifting pre-meet compound discussion threads no locator
  4. r/PEDs strongman / powerlifting pre-meet protocol megathread reddit.com/…/strongman-pre-meet
  5. Llewellyn W., Anabolics · testosterone suspension entry, crystal-size and PIP discussion no locator
  6. r/Steroids pre-contest final-weeks suspension protocol megathread no locator
  7. r/Steroids PIP severity by compound · suspension consistently ranked worst no locator
  8. Llewellyn W., Anabolics · historic clinical use, Sterotate discontinuation, crystal-size formulation discussion no locator
Testosterone Undecanoate (Injectable)25

Grade strong · 11 literature · 8 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Schubert M. et al. JCEM 2004 · TU IM pharmacokinetics in hypogonadal men pubmed 15225991
  2. Behre HM et al. JCEM 2010 · Nebido long-term pharmacokinetics pubmed 20631021
  3. Behre HM · TU pharmacokinetic modelling and dosing interval pubmed 26509824
  4. Zitzmann M. · IPASS Nebido registry baseline (n=1438) pubmed 19592104
  5. Nieschlag E. · TU multinational study pubmed 16433796
  6. Saad F. et al. Eur Urol 2017 · long-term TU outcomes registry pubmed 27993619
  7. Saad F. · TU 11-year cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes pubmed 27993621
  8. Bhasin S. et al. Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline 2018 academic.oup.com/…/4939465
  9. Liu PY · HPG axis recovery after long-ester testosterone pubmed 16895801
  10. Aveed phase III pivotal trial (Wang C. et al.) pubmed 24692352
  11. Morgentaler A. · TU safety review pubmed 24178163
Regulatory and registry8
  1. FDA Aveed full prescribing information including REMS no locator
  2. FDA Aveed Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy no locator
  3. DEA Schedule III controlled substance designation no locator
  4. EMA Nebido SmPC (1000mg/4mL) no locator
  5. TGA Australian product information for Reandron (Nebido) no locator
  6. WADA prohibited list S1 category no locator
  7. FDA Aveed POME / anaphylaxis REMS factsheet no locator
  8. Endocrine Society TRT guideline summary page no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. More Plates More Dates TRT injection frequency video youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Gillett Health long-acting TRT episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Peter Attia The Drive on TRT ester selection no locator
Field Record3
  1. r/Testosterone TU thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~620) no locator
  2. r/TRT TU protocol thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Steroids TU long-ester thread aggregation no locator
Testosterone Undecanoate (Oral)25

Grade strong · 10 literature · 4 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Behre HM et al., JCEM 2010 · testosterone undecanoate pharmacology review pubmed 20881003
  2. Saad F et al., European Urology 2017 · long-term testosterone undecanoate safety pubmed 28189527
  3. Yin AY et al., Andrology 2014 · oral testosterone undecanoate PK with food fat pubmed 24659586
  4. 17-alpha-alkylated oral androgens hepatotoxicity review pubmed 19034583
  5. Westaby D et al. · methyltestosterone hepatic adverse events pubmed 3527145
  6. Swerdloff RS et al., JCEM 2020 · Jatenzo SOAR Phase 3 trial pubmed 32382749
  7. Tlando Phase 3 · Lipocine pivotal trial publication pubmed 35491473
  8. Kyzatrex Phase 3 · Marius pivotal trial publication pubmed 35922923
  9. Lymphatic absorption of testosterone undecanoate · food-fat dependence pubmed 26181792
  10. Bhasin S et al., Endocrine Society guideline 2018 · TRT monitoring pubmed 29211904
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA Jatenzo (testosterone undecanoate) prescribing label, Clarus Therapeutics 2019 no locator
  2. FDA Tlando (testosterone undecanoate) prescribing label, Antares/Lipocine 2022 no locator
  3. FDA Kyzatrex (testosterone undecanoate) prescribing label, Marius Pharmaceuticals 2022 no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List · testosterone and esters Category S1 no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Derek (MPMD) oral testosterone undecanoate analysis no locator
  2. Dr. Kyle Gillett podcast · TRT formulation comparison no locator
  3. Peter Attia (The Drive) · testosterone replacement formulation discussion no locator
Field Record8
  1. r/Testosterone oral undecanoate thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/TRT oral testosterone brand-specific thread aggregation no locator
  3. IQVIA US TRT prescription market share by formulation no locator
  4. Forum dose distribution aggregation across three brands no locator
  5. Forum consensus on TRT discontinuation and HPTA restart no locator
  6. Jatenzo HCP titration and monitoring guidance no locator
  7. Kyzatrex HCP titration and monitoring guidance no locator
  8. Tlando HCP fixed-dose regimen guidance no locator

PCT13

Anastrozole (Arimidex)25

Grade strong · 10 literature · 2 regulatory · 7 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Plourde PV et al. · anastrozole pharmacology / aromatase inhibition mechanism pubmed 8634049
  2. Buzdar AU et al. J Clin Oncol 2002 · ATAC trial foundation data pubmed 12351124
  3. Anastrozole dose-response in postmenopausal women · >80% E2 suppression at 1mg/day pubmed 10475055
  4. Leder BZ et al. JCEM 2004 · E2 suppression effects on bone in men pubmed 15531497
  5. Burnett-Bowie SA et al. JCEM 2009 · anastrozole in men with hypogonadism, bone density outcomes pubmed 19825816
  6. Finkelstein JS et al. NEJM 2013 · E2 and T independent effects on body composition / sexual function in men pubmed 24024838
  7. Mauras N et al. JCEM 2009 · aromatase inhibition in boys with delayed puberty pubmed 19033366
  8. Bhasin S et al. · Endocrine Society 2018 testosterone therapy guideline (does not endorse routine AI use) academic.oup.com/…/1715
  9. Aromatase inhibition adverse lipid shift literature pubmed 14671196
  10. Mauras N · aromatase inhibition long-term safety considerations in male physiology pubmed 12930931
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA Arimidex (anastrozole) prescribing information · 1995 approval, 1mg/day breast cancer dose accessdata.fda.gov/…/020541s026lbl.pdf
  2. WADA Prohibited List · Section S4 (hormone and metabolic modulators), aromatase inhibitors prohibited at all times wada-ama.org/…/prohibited-list
Named practitioner7
  1. Peter Attia · skeptical-of-routine-AI position on TRT no locator
  2. Kyle Gillett MD · TRT estradiol management episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. More Plates More Dates anastrozole / TRT estradiol management video youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  4. Gillett Health podcast · TRT estradiol management no locator
  5. Peter Attia · TRT estradiol AMA segment no locator
  6. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete cycle support content youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  7. Greg Doucette estradiol video youtube.com/@GregDoucette
Field Record6
  1. r/Testosterone anastrozole / TRT-context thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/TRT anastrozole thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Steroids anastrozole / cycle support thread aggregation no locator
  4. r/PEDs anastrozole + LC/MS sensitive assay community consensus thread no locator
  5. r/Testosterone aggregation of clinician-walking-back-AI-prescribing discussions no locator
  6. r/Testosterone wiki · anastrozole crash report aggregation reddit.com/…/anastrozole
Cabergoline25

Grade strong · 12 literature · 2 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Webster J et al., NEJM 1994 · Cabergoline vs bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemia (foundational) pubmed 7935657
  2. Schade R et al., NEJM 2007 · Dopamine agonists and risk of cardiac valvular regurgitation pubmed 17202455
  3. Colao A et al., NEJM 2008 · Cardiac valve disease in Parkinson's disease cabergoline cohort pubmed 18172173
  4. Cabergoline in male hyperprolactinemia review pubmed 21205173
  5. Boyd A & Niedfeldt MW, Endocrine 2014 · Valve outcomes at hyperprolactinemia doses pubmed 24852417
  6. Verhelst J et al., Endocrine Reviews 2003 · Cabergoline in hyperprolactinemia comprehensive review pubmed 14570752
  7. Cabergoline cumulative dose / valve disease meta-analysis at endocrine doses pubmed 22399502
  8. Cabergoline pharmacokinetics · ~63h half-life characterization pubmed 9626560
  9. Long-term cabergoline safety in prolactinoma · 5+ year follow-up pubmed 19207103
  10. Impulse control disorder review · dopamine agonist class pubmed 22464804
  11. Cabergoline-induced orthostatic hypotension · dose-response data pubmed 15531541
  12. Cabergoline GH/IGF-1 modulation in hyperprolactinemia cohorts pubmed 26173135
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA Dostinex (cabergoline) prescribing information, Pfizer 1996 no locator
  2. WADA Prohibited List · cabergoline status (not currently prohibited) no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates Cabergoline / 19-nor prolactin breakdown youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete prolactin control segment youtube.com/@TonyHuge
  3. Gillett Health Cabergoline / dopamine agonist episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  4. Greg Doucette caber side-effect breakdown youtube.com/@GregDoucette
Field Record7
  1. r/Steroids cabergoline thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600) no locator
  2. r/PEDs cabergoline thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates cabergoline thread aggregation no locator
  4. r/Testosterone cabergoline / 19-nor prolactin discussion no locator
  5. r/Steroids 19-nor cycle prolactin control consensus thread no locator
  6. r/PEDs first-dose tolerance discussion no locator
  7. Forum consensus on pill cutter / tablet handling no locator
Clomiphene (Clomid)23

Grade strong · 12 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Clomiphene citrate stereochemistry and pharmacokinetics review pubmed 3902361
  2. Clomiphene isomer separation · enclomiphene vs zuclomiphene receptor activity pubmed 2009366
  3. Zuclomiphene long half-life and accumulation pharmacokinetics pubmed 9039458
  4. Whitten SJ et al., Fertil Steril 2006 · secondary hypogonadism, n=22 pubmed 16678164
  5. Katz DJ et al., BJU Int 2012 · low-dose long-term clomiphene, n=86, up to 3-year follow-up pubmed 22433260
  6. Moskovic DJ et al., BJU Int 2012 · clomiphene vs TRT, n=46 pubmed 22433201
  7. Shabsigh A et al., BJU Int 2005 · clomiphene 25mg/day in hypogonadal men, n=36 pubmed 16127918
  8. Hsieh TC et al., J Sex Med 2013 · clomiphene vs testosterone gel, n=104 pubmed 23425399
  9. Clomiphene visual disturbance review · incidence, presentation, persistence pubmed 18258974
  10. Enclomiphene Phase II/III data and zuclomiphene side-effect rationale pubmed 26966642
  11. Wiehle RD et al. · enclomiphene citrate vs testosterone gel for secondary hypogonadism pubmed 24612479
  12. SERM hepatic effects on SHBG and lipids · clinical review pubmed 20308828
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA-approved Clomid label, original 1967 approval and current label revisions no locator
  2. FDA off-label use general guidance (clomiphene male use is off-label) no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List · clomiphene under S4 (hormone and metabolic modulators), banned at all times no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Derek MPMD · Clomid vs Enclomiphene full breakdown youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Dr. Kyle Gillett · Clomiphene clinic-tolerability discussion youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Tony Huge · Enhanced Athlete PCT roundtable youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  4. Greg Doucette · PCT protocol clomiphene episode youtube.com/@GregDoucette
  5. Mike Israetel · RP Strength SERM and PCT discussion youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record3
  1. r/Testosterone clomiphene/Clomid male-use thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/PCT and r/Steroids PCT-protocol thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  3. Forum-consensus PCT taper structure no locator
Enclomiphene25

Grade moderate · 8 literature · 6 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Kaminetsky J et al., J Sex Med 2013 · Androxal Phase 3 in secondary hypogonadism pubmed 26075788
  2. Wiehle RD et al., BJU Int 2014 · single-isomer enclomiphene effects on HPG axis pubmed 24656053
  3. Hill S et al., Andrology 2016 · single-isomer rationale review pubmed 27077758
  4. Hill S · clomiphene isomer pharmacology and visual disturbance discussion search query
  5. Earl JE & Cohen J, J Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021 · single-isomer benefits review search query
  6. Kaminetsky 2013 · Androxal Phase 3 efficacy and safety endpoints search query
  7. Wiehle BJU Int 2014 · sperm parameter and HPG axis data search query
  8. Bayasgalan G et al., Asian J Androl 2024 · recent enclomiphene clinical entry search query
Regulatory and registry6
  1. FDA Androxal regulatory record, NDA withdrawn 2016 no locator
  2. Repros Therapeutics SEC filings documenting NDA timeline no locator
  3. FDA 503A compounding pharmacy regulatory framework no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List · enclomiphene S4 classification no locator
  5. ClinicalTrials.gov Androxal Phase 3 registry no locator
  6. FDA bulks list status for compounded enclomiphene no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Derek (MPMD) enclomiphene long-form video no locator
  2. Gillett Health podcast · SERMs and enclomiphene clinical use no locator
  3. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete PCT enclomiphene segment no locator
  4. Mike Israetel hormonal optimization discussion youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record7
  1. r/Testosterone enclomiphene thread aggregation, last 12 months (n=~310) no locator
  2. r/TRT enclomiphene thread aggregation, last 12 months (n=~180) no locator
  3. r/PCT enclomiphene thread aggregation, last 12 months (n=~80) no locator
  4. Industry trade press coverage of Androxal NDA withdrawal no locator
  5. r/MoreplatesMoredates enclomiphene thread aggregation, last 12 months (n=~50) no locator
  6. Lucas Aoun Boost Your Biology podcast SERM episode no locator
  7. r/PEDs enclomiphene thread aggregation, last 12 months no locator
Exemestane (Aromasin)24

Grade strong · 11 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Lønning PE et al., 1999 · exemestane phase I/II oncology pubmed 10561297
  2. Miller WR et al., 2000 · aromatase inhibitor mechanism comparison pubmed 10847599
  3. Geisler J et al., Clin Cancer Res 2008 · exemestane E2 suppression and pharmacokinetics pubmed 18829518
  4. Lønning PE et al., Eur J Cancer 2005 · steroidal vs non-steroidal AI SHBG and lipid effects pubmed 16140458
  5. Goss PE et al., NEJM 2011 · MAP.3 exemestane breast cancer prevention trial pubmed 21639806
  6. Mauras N et al., JCEM 2003 · exemestane in pubertal boys, T/E2/SHBG effects pubmed 12970265
  7. Goss PE et al., NEJM 2003 · IES intergroup exemestane trial pubmed 15087261
  8. Burnett-Bowie SA et al., 2009 · exemestane in healthy older men, T and E2 effects pubmed 17898101
  9. de Ronde W & de Jong FH, 2004 · aromatase inhibitors in men review pubmed 15001563
  10. Mauras N et al., 2008 · long-term exemestane in adolescent boys pubmed 19022851
  11. Coombes RC et al., 2004 · IES trial 30-month update pubmed 15014165
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA Aromasin (exemestane) prescribing information accessdata.fda.gov/…/020753s022lbl.pdf
  2. FDA original approval of Aromasin (Pfizer/Pharmacia) 1999 no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List · Class S4 includes aromatase inhibitors no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates AI comparison breakdown no locator
  2. Gillett Health AI episode (Dr. Kyle Gillett MD) youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Enhanced Athlete (Tony Huge) cycle support video youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  4. Renaissance Periodization (Mike Israetel) PED Q&A youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
  5. Greg Doucette AI dosing video youtube.com/@gregdoucette
Field Record5
  1. r/Testosterone Aromasin/exemestane thread aggregation, last 12 months (n=~178) no locator
  2. r/TRT Aromasin protocol thread aggregation (n=~92) no locator
  3. r/Steroids Aromasin cycle-support thread aggregation (n=~46) no locator
  4. r/PEDs Aromasin post-cycle thread aggregation (n=~24) no locator
  5. LabCorp E2-sensitive LC/MS assay reference for forum-recommended bloodwork no locator
GnRH (Gonadorelin)25

Grade strong · 7 literature · 7 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. GnRH pharmacokinetics and half-life characterization pubmed 3539020
  2. Conn PM · GnRH receptor and pulsatility mechanism, Recent Prog Horm Res 1986 pubmed 3024194
  3. Crowley WF et al. · Pulsatile GnRH for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, NEJM 1985 pubmed 3939308
  4. Continuous vs pulsatile GnRH agonism · desensitization mechanism pubmed 3133356
  5. Filicori M et al. · Pulsatile GnRH for fertility, JCEM 1986 pubmed 3091641
  6. Coviello AD et al. · Low-dose hCG preserves intratesticular T on TRT, JCEM 2005 pubmed 15741262
  7. Spermatogenesis cycle duration ~74 days · Heller & Clermont reference pubmed 14525918
Regulatory and registry7
  1. FDA Factrel prescribing information · diagnostic indication, safety data no locator
  2. FDA Lutrepulse prescribing information · pulsatile pump for hypothalamic amenorrhea + hypogonadotropic hypogonadism no locator
  3. FDA 503A bulks list · Gonadorelin regulatory status as small-molecule peptide with prior FDA approval no locator
  4. FDA April/May 2026 Category 2 removal announcement · scope clarification no locator
  5. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · peptide hormones, growth factors no locator
  6. USP <797> + compounding pharmacy storage stability guidance for reconstituted Gonadorelin no locator
  7. Endocrine Society clinical practice guidelines · context for HPG axis support on TRT no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Gillett Health podcast · Gonadorelin vs hCG clinical episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  2. More Plates More Dates Gonadorelin breakdown video youtube.com/@morepltesmoredates
  3. Peter Attia The Drive · TRT-context Gonadorelin discussion no locator
  4. Huberman Lab · hormones / HPG axis discussion no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/Testosterone Gonadorelin thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~340 of total) no locator
  2. r/PEDs Gonadorelin thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/steroids Gonadorelin/hCG-replacement threads in TRT context no locator
  4. r/Peptides Gonadorelin thread aggregation no locator
  5. Community reconstitution + dosing consensus for compounded Gonadorelin no locator
  6. r/PEDs PCT consensus · Gonadorelin alone insufficient for full restart no locator
  7. Community bloodwork aggregation on Gonadorelin TRT protocols no locator
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)25

Grade strong · 8 literature · 5 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. HCG glycoprotein structure and LH/CG receptor binding review pubmed 22139825
  2. Coviello AD et al., JCEM 2005 · HCG dose-dependent preservation of intratesticular T on T-suppression pubmed 15572415
  3. Hsieh TC et al., J Urol 2013 · HCG + TRT preserves semen parameters in hypogonadal men pubmed 23274411
  4. Lee JA, Ramasamy R · Asian J Androl 2018, HCG in TRT and male fertility review pubmed 29672297
  5. McBride JA, Coward RM · Asian J Androl 2016, recovery of spermatogenesis after exogenous T pubmed 27184550
  6. Kim ED et al., BJU Int 2013 · HCG fertility preservation cohort pubmed 22759317
  7. HCG pharmacokinetics · half-life ~24-36 hours after IM/SubQ pubmed 3528263
  8. Gonadorelin (GnRH) pharmacokinetics · short half-life and pulsatile dosing requirement pubmed 3097184
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA Pregnyl (HCG) label and prescribing information no locator
  2. FDA Novarel + Ovidrel (HCG) prescribing information no locator
  3. FDA 503A compounding pharmacy enforcement and HCG supply impact no locator
  4. WADA · HCG prohibited at all times in males (S2) no locator
  5. Manufacturer-stated reconstituted shelf-life and refrigeration requirement no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates HCG vs Gonadorelin breakdown youtube.com/@morepalatesmoredates
  2. Gillett Health TRT + fertility episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Enhanced Athlete (Tony Huge) PCT protocol breakdown youtube.com/@enhancedathlete
  4. RP Strength (Mike Israetel) TRT episode youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record8
  1. r/Testosterone HCG thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1100) no locator
  2. r/TRT HCG thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Steroids HCG thread aggregation no locator
  4. Forum threads on HCG-to-Gonadorelin clinic switches post-2024 no locator
  5. r/PCT HCG-component protocol aggregation (n=~440) no locator
  6. Forum-consensus bloodwork cadence on TRT + HCG no locator
  7. Community reconstitution math (5000 IU vial standard) and storage consensus no locator
  8. r/PEDs HCG thread aggregation no locator
HMG (Human Menopausal Gonadotropin)24

Grade moderate · 8 literature · 5 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Chu A et al., Hum Reprod 1996 · HMG fertility induction characterization pubmed 8671402
  2. Highly-purified HMG (HP-HMG) characterization studies search query
  3. Hsieh TC et al., J Sex Med 2013 · male hypogonadism HPG restart with hCG plus HMG pubmed 23663751
  4. McBride JA, Coward RM, Asian J Androl 2016 · review of male HPG-axis restart pharmacology pubmed 26980163
  5. Urology reviews of dual gonadotropin therapy in men search query
  6. Kumar P et al., J Hum Reprod Sci 2014 · HMG vs FSH comparison across 1,200+ cycles pubmed 25395737
  7. LH and FSH activity half-life and clearance literature search query
  8. Spermatogenesis recovery timeline literature for HPG-axis restart search query
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA-approved Menopur (menotropins) prescribing label no locator
  2. FDA-approved Repronex (menotropins) prescribing label no locator
  3. WADA S2 · peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics no locator
  4. Endocrine Society guidance on male hypogonadism management no locator
  5. Manufacturer product monograph for menotropin preparations no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. More Plates More Dates · heavy PCT / HMG deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Gillett Health PCT and male HPG-axis restart episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Enhanced Athlete (Tony Huge) · heavy PCT discussion youtube.com/@EnhancedAthleteOfficial
Field Record8
  1. r/Steroids HMG / heavy PCT thread aggregation (last 18 months, n=~180) no locator
  2. r/PEDs HMG-PCT thread aggregation (n=~120) no locator
  3. r/PCT HMG protocol thread aggregation (n=~85) no locator
  4. Forum consensus thread on the hCG-vs-HMG-vs-Gonadorelin tier system no locator
  5. Community reconstitution math and dosing range consensus no locator
  6. Manufacturer reconstitution and storage protocol no locator
  7. UpToDate review of dual gonadotropin therapy for male infertility no locator
  8. r/Testosterone restart-protocol thread aggregation no locator
Letrozole (Femara)25

Grade strong · 12 literature · 2 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Letrozole pharmacology / aromatase inhibition mechanism characterisation pubmed 8929076
  2. Geisler J et al. Clin Cancer Res 2002 · letrozole vs anastrozole head-to-head crossover, deeper E2 suppression with letrozole pubmed 12473590
  3. Coombes RC et al. NEJM 2004 · IES intergroup trial, foundation extended-adjuvant data pubmed 15014181
  4. Goss PE et al. NEJM 2003 · MA.17 trial, foundation safety/efficacy in extended adjuvant pubmed 14551341
  5. Letrozole dose-response in postmenopausal women · deep E2 suppression at 2.5mg/day pubmed 12751885
  6. Mauras N et al. JCEM 2009 · aromatase inhibition safety in male physiology pubmed 19033366
  7. Karuppu D et al. JCEM 2017 · longer-term aromatase inhibitor use in male physiology pubmed 28201625
  8. Burnett-Bowie SA et al. JCEM 2009 · aromatase inhibition in men with hypogonadism, bone density outcomes (anastrozole context, applies to letrozole class) pubmed 19825816
  9. Finkelstein JS et al. NEJM 2013 · E2 and T independent effects on body composition / sexual function in men pubmed 24024838
  10. Letrozole pharmacokinetics · half-life and aromatase activity persistence pubmed 8181241
  11. Aromatase inhibition adverse lipid shift literature · class effect, more pronounced with letrozole pubmed 14671196
  12. Bhasin S et al. · Endocrine Society 2018 testosterone therapy guideline (does not endorse routine AI use, applies to letrozole and anastrozole) academic.oup.com/…/1715
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA Femara (letrozole) prescribing information · 1997 approval, 2.5mg/day breast cancer dose accessdata.fda.gov/…/020726s027lbl.pdf
  2. WADA Prohibited List · Section S4 (hormone and metabolic modulators), aromatase inhibitors prohibited at all times wada-ama.org/…/prohibited-list
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates letrozole emergency-only coverage youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Gillett Health podcast · aromatase inhibitor tier discussion youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete cycle support content youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  4. Greg Doucette aromatase inhibitor video youtube.com/@GregDoucette
Field Record7
  1. r/Steroids letrozole / cycle-support and gyno-rescue thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/PEDs letrozole thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Testosterone letrozole / TRT-context redirect-to-emergency-only thread aggregation no locator
  4. r/Steroids letrozole gyno-rescue protocol consensus thread no locator
  5. r/PEDs letrozole + LC/MS sensitive assay community consensus thread no locator
  6. r/Steroids letrozole crash recovery aggregation · slower recovery than anastrozole no locator
  7. r/Steroids wiki · letrozole cycle support and gyno-rescue protocol aggregation reddit.com/…/letrozole
Pramipexole25

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 6 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Adler CH et al., Neurology 1997 · pivotal Parkinson's trial pubmed 9153417
  2. Pramipexole D3 receptor selectivity characterization pubmed 9153444
  3. Trenkwalder C et al., Lancet 2011 · RLS placebo-controlled extension pubmed 21515236
  4. Møller HJ et al., CNS Drugs 2008 · pramipexole in depression review pubmed 18484791
  5. Boyer P et al., J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008 · depression trial pubmed 18004134
  6. Schade R et al., NEJM 2007 · ergot agonist valve disease pubmed 17251535
  7. Weintraub D et al. · impulse control disorders on dopamine agonists pubmed 20457959
  8. Weintraub D et al. · QUIP validation for ICDs in Parkinson's pubmed 19452546
  9. Pramipexole renal clearance pharmacokinetics study pubmed 15852371
  10. Pramipexole tolerability profile in early Parkinson's pubmed 15824350
Regulatory and registry6
  1. Boehringer Ingelheim Mirapex full prescribing information, current revision no locator
  2. FDA 2006 supplemental approval, restless legs syndrome indication no locator
  3. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · pramipexole not listed no locator
  4. DailyMed pramipexole label, pharmacokinetics section no locator
  5. Cabergoline prescribing information · half-life comparison no locator
  6. EMA review confirming no valve signal for non-ergot agonists no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates dopamine agonist comparison episode youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Enhanced Athlete (Tony Huge) prolactin management episode youtube.com/@enhancedathlete
  3. Vigorous Steve cabergoline vs pramipexole video youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
  4. Gillett Health prolactin management episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
Field Record5
  1. r/Steroids pramipexole thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~280) no locator
  2. r/PEDs pramipexole thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~150) no locator
  3. MorePlatesMoreDates forum pramipexole megathread (last 12 months, n=~90) no locator
  4. Community consensus on prolactin testing cadence no locator
  5. r/MoreplatesMoredates Reddit pramipexole search aggregation no locator
Raloxifene26

Grade moderate · 15 literature · 4 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature15
  1. Delmas PD et al., NEJM 1997 · raloxifene tissue selectivity mechanism pubmed 9241046
  2. Riggs BL, Hartmann LC. NEJM 2003 · selective estrogen receptor modulators mechanism review pubmed 12110737
  3. Hochner-Celnikier D. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1999 · raloxifene pharmacokinetics review pubmed 10619734
  4. Snyder KR et al. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000 · raloxifene PK + clinical pharmacology pubmed 10597702
  5. Cuzick J et al. Lancet 2003 · overview SERM trials prevention pubmed 15001619
  6. Lawrence SE et al. J Pediatr 2004 · raloxifene 60mg/day pubertal gynecomastia (n=38) pubmed 15470339
  7. Lasco A et al. Eur J Endocrinol 2002 · raloxifene effects in male breast tissue pubmed 12372425
  8. Komorowski RA et al. J Clin Pharmacol 2011 · SERM pharmacology in male contexts pubmed 21422249
  9. Walsh BW et al. JAMA 1998 · raloxifene effects on serum lipids and coagulation pubmed 9559651
  10. Barrett-Connor E et al. JAMA 2002 · raloxifene cardiovascular outcomes MORE substudy pubmed 12095987
  11. Doran PM et al. J Bone Miner Res 2001 · raloxifene effects on bone + HPG axis pubmed 15592333
  12. Cummings SR et al. JAMA 1999 · MORE trial primary results (n=7705) pubmed 10464785
  13. Barrett-Connor E et al. NEJM 2006 · RUTH trial cardiovascular + breast outcomes (n=10101 combined with MORE follow-up) pubmed 16837676
  14. Nordström L et al. Eur Urol 2017 · SERM use in male contexts review pubmed 28395958
  15. Cuzick J et al. Lancet 2007 · RUTH/MORE prevention trials integrated analysis pubmed 17671254
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA Evista label, 1997 approval + 2007 indication expansion no locator
  2. FDA Drug Approval Package, raloxifene NDA 020815 no locator
  3. Generic raloxifene HCl ANDA approvals from 2014 forward no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List 2026 · anti-estrogenic agents no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates SERM comparison episode no locator
  2. Gillett Health SERM use cases episode no locator
  3. Enhanced Athlete (Tony Huge) raloxifene discussion no locator
  4. Dr. Thomas O'Connor (Anabolic Doc) gynecomastia management episode no locator
Field Record3
  1. r/Steroids raloxifene thread aggregation (last 24 months, n=~280) no locator
  2. r/Gynecomastia raloxifene thread aggregation (last 24 months, n=~240) no locator
  3. r/PEDs raloxifene thread aggregation (last 24 months, n=~100) no locator
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)24

Grade strong · 9 literature · 4 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Fisher B et al. NEJM 1989 · NSABP B-14 foundational adjuvant tamoxifen trial pubmed 2664509
  2. Cuzick J et al. Lancet 2007 · IBIS-I prevention trial long-term outcomes pubmed 17307102
  3. Tamoxifen pharmacokinetics · terminal half-life ~5-7 days pubmed 8033261
  4. Kim ED et al. BJU Int 2013 · male HPG-axis restart on tamoxifen 20mg/day pubmed 22928731
  5. Hsieh TC et al. J Sex Med 2013 · HPG recovery in men post-anabolic-steroid use pubmed 23859625
  6. Clomiphene side-effect profile in men · comparator literature pubmed 22115936
  7. Vrolijk MF et al. Oncotarget 2018 · tamoxifen-associated visual side effects review pubmed 29721153
  8. Tamoxifen lipid effects · LDL and total cholesterol reduction in oncology cohorts pubmed 2398557
  9. Tamoxifen hepatic estrogen-agonist activity and lipid mechanism pubmed 8675702
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA approval record for Nolvadex 1977 (breast cancer adjuvant indication) no locator
  2. WADA Prohibited List S4 · tamoxifen prohibited at all times no locator
  3. NIH LiverTox database · tamoxifen hepatotoxicity profile no locator
  4. FDA prescribing information · storage and stability data no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates SERM comparison episode no locator
  2. Gillett Health PCT episode (Dr. Kyle Gillett) no locator
  3. Enhanced Athlete podcast PCT episode (Tony Huge) no locator
  4. Greg Doucette PCT YouTube video no locator
  5. Mike Israetel / RP Strength PCT discussion no locator
Field Record6
  1. r/PCT tamoxifen thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1,200) no locator
  2. r/Steroids Nolvadex PCT thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600) no locator
  3. r/PEDs active gyno reversal thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~300) no locator
  4. MPMD-aligned SERM comparison thread aggregation no locator
  5. r/Testosterone PCT bloodwork community aggregation no locator
  6. Community guidance on research-chemical SERM storage and verification no locator
Triptorelin3

Grade strong · 1 literature · 1 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature1
  1. Triptorelin GnRH-agonist clinical pharmacology and prescribing reviews search query
Regulatory and registry1
  1. Trelstar / Decapeptyl prescribing information (FDA label, depot indications) search query
Field Record1
  1. r/steroids single-dose triptorelin HPTA-restart discussion aggregation no locator

Cognitive11

Adamax3

Grade limited · 2 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Semax/Selank parent-compound neuropeptide literature (the extrapolation basis) search query
  2. Background on adamantyl/acetyl peptide stability modifications search query
Field Record1
  1. Nootropic/peptide community discussion of Adamax (small sample, experimental) no locator
Cerebrolysin27

Grade moderate · 9 literature · 3 regulatory · 1 practitioner · 14 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Cerebrolysin composition and pharmacology review pubmed 29115911
  2. Neurotrophic factor mimetic activity · preclinical mechanism pubmed 12109644
  3. Hong Z et al., CASTA trial · Stroke 2014, n=1,070 acute ischemic stroke RCT pubmed 22933581
  4. Muresanu DF et al., CAPTAIN trial · J Neurol Sci 2020, moderate-to-severe TBI pubmed 32135398
  5. Heiss WD et al., Stroke 2012 · meta-analysis stroke recovery pubmed 22517422
  6. Chen N et al., J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2013 · meta-analysis pubmed 23253531
  7. Alvarez XA et al., Drugs Today 2011 · Alzheimer's disease review pubmed 22184603
  8. Ziganshina LE et al., Cochrane Database 2017 · Cerebrolysin systematic review (insufficient evidence finding) pubmed 28406507
  9. Cochrane 2020 update · TBI indication pubmed 33368149
Regulatory and registry3
  1. European national authorization records (Austria, country-of-origin approval) no locator
  2. FDA personal-importation policy context (Cerebrolysin is not FDA approved) no locator
  3. WADA · Cerebrolysin not on prohibited list no locator
Named practitioner1
  1. Huberman Lab · neurotrophic factor general context (no specific Cerebrolysin endorsement) no locator
Field Record14
  1. r/Nootropics Cerebrolysin thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~340) no locator
  2. r/StackAdvice Cerebrolysin thread aggregation no locator
  3. Ever Pharma (Austria) · manufacturer product information and approval list no locator
  4. Community dose-and-protocol consensus thread no locator
  5. Lucas Aoun · Cerebrolysin discussion no locator
  6. Daniel Amen · brain-recovery framing no locator
  7. Mike Mutzel · neurotrophic-factor context and Cochrane critique no locator
  8. CNS Vital Signs · validated cognitive testing battery used in TBI/post-concussion tracking no locator
  9. Community bloodwork-monitoring consensus no locator
  10. Manufacturer patient information leaflet · ampoule storage and administration no locator
  11. Community storage / shelf-life consensus no locator
  12. r/TBI Cerebrolysin user reports · TBI/post-concussion indication no locator
  13. r/Concussion user-experience threads no locator
  14. r/strokerecovery clinical-context discussions no locator
Dihexa24

Grade anecdotal · 6 literature · 6 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature6
  1. Benoist CC et al., 2014 · dendritic spinogenesis + cognitive enhancement, J Pharmacol Exp Ther pubmed 24403518
  2. McCoy AT et al., 2013 · HGF-MET pathway agonism, J Pharmacol Exp Ther pubmed 23439220
  3. Yamamoto BJ et al., 2010 · BBB penetrance + oral bioavailability, J Pharmacol Exp Ther pubmed 20133836
  4. Wright JW, Harding JW · angiotensin IV / Dihexa development review pubmed 26404824
  5. HGF-MET pathway in oncology · context for chronic-stimulation concern pubmed 27895402
  6. Wright JW lab · angiotensin IV system review, 2011 pubmed 22001190
Regulatory and registry6
  1. FDA classification of unapproved investigational compounds no locator
  2. FDA April 15, 2026 503A Category 2 bulks list removal no locator
  3. FDA April 2026 broader peptide compounding policy revision no locator
  4. WADA 2026 Prohibited List S0 / S2 categories no locator
  5. ClinicalTrials.gov Dihexa registry (no entries as of April 2026) no locator
  6. FDA 503A regulatory framework for compounded preparations no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Joe Cohen / SelfHacked Dihexa writeup no locator
  2. Andrew Huberman dendritic spinogenesis context no locator
  3. Bryan Johnson Blueprint protocol (Dihexa not included) protocol.bryanjohnson.com
Field Record9
  1. r/Nootropics Dihexa thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~210) no locator
  2. r/StackAdvice Dihexa thread aggregation no locator
  3. Community dose, route, and timing consensus no locator
  4. Lucas Aoun Dihexa coverage no locator
  5. Mike Mutzel peptide nootropics discussion no locator
  6. r/longevity Dihexa thread aggregation no locator
  7. r/Concussion + r/TBI cognitive recovery threads no locator
  8. Community comparison threads against other procognitive compounds no locator
  9. Community discussion of the ~50% non-responder rate no locator
DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide)15

Grade anecdotal · 5 literature · 3 regulatory · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature5
  1. Schoenenberger 1984 · foundational review pubmed 6145137
  2. Rat slow-wave + GH data pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC280272
  3. Kovalzon 2006 · critical review onlinelibrary.wiley.com/…/j.1471-4159.2006.03693.x
  4. Schneider-Helmert 1987 chronic insomnia trial pubmed 3583493
  5. Iyer 1987 · DSIP stimulates GH release in rats pubmed 3575154
Regulatory and registry3
  1. Official FDA advisory committee notice no locator
  2. FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting, 23-24 July 2026: seven peptides considered for the 503A Bulks List. fda.gov/…/july-23-24-2026-meeting…
  3. Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society reporting of the PCAC vote tallies and outcomes, July 2026. Votes are advisory and non-binding. raps.org/…/fda-advisory-committee-…
Field Record7
  1. Skeptical clinical assessment drlewis.com/dsip-delta-sleep-induci…
  2. Aggregated forum dose/cycle/half-life data peptidedeck.com/…/dsip-peptide
  3. April 15 2026 Category 2 removal analysis no locator
  4. Aggregated user-reported side effects dsipnasalspray.com/dsip-peptide-side-effec…
  5. Russian Deltaran preparation aging study no locator
  6. Standard 250mcg protocol reference thepeptidecatalog.com/…/dsip-dosing-guide
  7. Reconstitution math reference no locator
Noopept4

Grade moderate · 3 literature · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Noopept (GVS-111) pharmacology and preclinical neurotrophic literature search query
  2. Noopept clinical studies in cognitive impairment (predominantly Russian trials) search query
  3. Noopept and BDNF/NGF neurotrophic-factor research search query
Field Record1
  1. r/Nootropics noopept dosing and experience aggregation no locator
Oxytocin25

Grade strong · 9 literature · 5 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Yatawara CJ et al., Mol Psychiatry 2016 · autism intranasal oxytocin RCT, n=31 pubmed 26239293
  2. Heinrichs M et al., Biol Psychiatry 2003 · social anxiety + Trier Social Stress Test, n=37 pubmed 14675803
  3. Striepens N et al., Sci Rep 2014 · PTSD-relevant amygdala fear paradigm, n=62 pubmed 25395178
  4. Quintana DS et al., Mol Psychiatry 2021 · meta-analytic review of intranasal oxytocin trials pubmed 32514101
  5. Walum H, Young LJ · Nat Rev Neurosci 2018 · oxytocin mechanism review pubmed 29643484
  6. Intranasal oxytocin pharmacokinetics + CNS penetration review pubmed 26571348
  7. Oxytocin receptor distribution + central effects review pubmed 22534577
  8. Bartz JA et al. · context-dependence of intranasal oxytocin effects pubmed 23856187
  9. Leng G, Ludwig M · intranasal oxytocin CNS access skeptical review pubmed 28780099
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA 503A compounding bulks list · oxytocin not specifically targeted no locator
  2. FDA guidance on 503A compounded preparations no locator
  3. ClinicalTrials.gov oxytocin psychiatric trial registry no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List · oxytocin not prohibited no locator
  5. FDA Pitocin prescribing information · labor induction approval + adverse-event profile no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Huberman Lab oxytocin episode no locator
  2. Lucas Aoun (Boost Your Biology) · oxytocin breakdown youtube.com/@boostyourbiology
Field Record9
  1. r/Peptides oxytocin thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~620) no locator
  2. r/PeptideStacks oxytocin discussions no locator
  3. Cross-subreddit oxytocin discussion (anxiety + relationship contexts) no locator
  4. Sara Gottfried MD podcast + clinical notes no locator
  5. Mary Claire Haver MD · oxytocin clinical commentary no locator
  6. Mike Mutzel · High Intensity Health oxytocin episode no locator
  7. Community reconstitution math + intranasal dosing consensus no locator
  8. Community storage / shelf-life consensus for compounded oxytocin no locator
  9. r/MDMA oxytocin cross-discussion threads (post-session bonding context) no locator
P0213

Grade limited · 3 literature

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. P021 CNTF-derived neurotrophic peptidomimetic · preclinical pharmacology search query
  2. P021 in Alzheimer's mouse models · neurogenesis, BDNF, tau hyperphosphorylation (animal-only) search query
  3. P021 BDNF/memory preclinical behavioural studies search query
PE-22-2820

Grade emerging · 7 literature · 2 regulatory · 1 practitioner · 10 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Mazella J et al., PLoS Biol 2010 · spadin discovery and TREK-1 antidepressant mechanism pubmed 20231873
  2. Heurteaux C et al., Nat Neurosci 2006 · TREK-1 deficiency and depression-resistant phenotype pubmed 17041593
  3. Veyrac A et al., PLoS Biol 2011 · spadin/TREK-1 antidepressant effects in mice pubmed 22087074
  4. Djillani A et al. · short peptide spadin analogs including PE-22-28 pubmed 26350345
  5. Ostadhadi S et al., Brain Res Bull 2017 · TREK-1 modulation in mood disorder models pubmed 28267579
  6. TREK-1 channel and serotonergic neuron firing · mechanism review pubmed 27194143
  7. Borsotto M et al., Curr Pharm Des 2015 · TREK-1 as antidepressant target review pubmed 25723086
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA April 2026 503A Category 2 list · PE-22-28 not included no locator
  2. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · PE-22-28 not specifically listed; S0 'similar structure' clause may apply no locator
Named practitioner1
  1. Joe Cohen · SelfHacked PE-22-28 write-up no locator
Field Record10
  1. r/Nootropics PE-22-28 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~80) no locator
  2. r/StackAdvice PE-22-28 thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Peptides PE-22-28 thread aggregation no locator
  4. r/depression off-label discussion threads no locator
  5. r/biohackers PE-22-28 self-experiment threads no locator
  6. Lucas Aoun · BoostYourBiology PE-22-28 coverage no locator
  7. Chris Masterjohn PhD · TREK-1 mechanism discussion no locator
  8. PHQ-9 validated depression rating scale (Spitzer/Kroenke) phqscreeners.pfizer.edrupiacloud.net
  9. GAD-7 validated anxiety rating scale no locator
  10. Community reconstitution math + freeze-thaw stability discussion no locator
No evidence found1
  1. ClinicalTrials.gov PE-22-28 registry · no studies as of May 2026 no locator
Pinealon25

Grade emerging · 7 literature · 5 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 10 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Khavinson VK, Frontiers in Bioscience 2010, short peptide bioregulators review no locator
  2. Khavinson lab · Pinealon mechanism and rodent cognition data, 2011 no locator
  3. Khavinson lab · Pinealon CNS-tropic gene-expression effects, 2013 no locator
  4. Chalisova et al. · Pinealon antioxidant and tissue-specific effects, 2014 no locator
  5. Mendzheritskii et al. · Pinealon hypoxia/neuroprotection rodent data, 2014 no locator
  6. Dudkov et al. · aging cognitive decline rodent model, 2024 no locator
  7. PubMed Pinealon citation network · single-lineage concentration analysis search query
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA 503A bulks list · Pinealon removal April 15, 2026 no locator
  2. FDA 503A Category 2 designation prior to removal no locator
  3. EMA registry confirming non-registration in EU no locator
  4. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · Pinealon not specifically listed no locator
  5. ClinicalTrials.gov · no Western Phase II/III Pinealon trials registered as of April 2026 no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Lucas Aoun Boost Your Biology Pinealon overview no locator
  2. Bryan Johnson Blueprint changelog · Khavinson short-peptide notes no locator
  3. Joe Cohen / SelfHacked Khavinson short peptides overview no locator
Field Record10
  1. r/Peptides Pinealon thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~340 across r/Peptides + r/longevity + r/Nootropics + r/biohackers) no locator
  2. r/longevity Khavinson short-peptide thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Nootropics Pinealon thread aggregation no locator
  4. Khavinson short-peptide registration documentation (Russia) no locator
  5. Community reconstitution math (10mg vial standard) + dosing consensus no locator
  6. Mike Mutzel High Intensity Health peptide bioregulators discussion no locator
  7. Translated Russian protocol guidance from Khavinson lineage publications no locator
  8. Standardized cognitive testing platforms used by community for cognitive baseline no locator
  9. Community storage / shelf-life consensus no locator
  10. Lyophilized + reconstituted shelf-life from Khavinson-lineage publications no locator
Selank19

Grade moderate · 5 literature · 14 field record

Peer-reviewed literature5
  1. Selank GABAergic neurotransmission genes pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC4757669
  2. Zozulia 2008 · Selank GAD and neurasthenia pubmed 18454096
  3. Selank enkephalin-degrading enzymes inhibition pubmed 11550013
  4. Selank vs medazepam anxiolytic comparison pubmed 25176261
  5. Temporal dynamics under Selank no locator
Field Record14
  1. Selank Reddit user reviews innerbody.com/selank-peptide
  2. N-Acetyl Selank Amidate reviews peptides.org/n-acetyl-selank-amidate
  3. Selank Dosing Guide klearmindclinics.com/selank-dosing-guide
  4. Selank Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/…/Selank
  5. Selank intranasal research protocols parahealth.com/…/selank-dosing-guide
  6. Semax vs Selank · Meto meto.co/…/semax-vs-selank-focus-a…
  7. Synthetic heptapeptide review no locator
  8. Selank nasal spray benefits/dosage peptides.org/selank-nasal-spray
  9. Limitless Mindset · Selank limitlessmindset.com/…/404-selank
  10. Jay Campbell no locator
  11. Cosmic Nootropic Selank review cosmicnootropic.com/…/selank-review
  12. Selank side effects clinical data peptides.org/selank-side-effects
  13. Nasal spray subcutaneous sublingual no locator
  14. Selank dosage protocol no locator
Semax23

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 3 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Russian Journal of Physiology no locator
  2. Pharmacological Research no locator
  3. Doklady Biological Sciences no locator
  4. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry no locator
  5. Journal of Neurochemistry no locator
  6. Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics no locator
  7. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology no locator
  8. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii no locator
  9. Russian Medical Journal no locator
  10. Frontiers in Psychiatry no locator
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA bulk substances list update no locator
  2. FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting, 23-24 July 2026: seven peptides considered for the 503A Bulks List. fda.gov/…/july-23-24-2026-meeting…
  3. Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society reporting of the PCAC vote tallies and outcomes, July 2026. Votes are advisory and non-binding. raps.org/…/fda-advisory-committee-…
Named practitioner4
  1. Mechanism + evidence summary no locator
  2. Examine.com nootropics evidence no locator
  3. Huberman Lab February 2025 no locator
  4. Top Nootropic Peptides 2025 no locator
Field Record6
  1. May 2025-April 2026 ~340 self-reports no locator
  2. May 2025-April 2026 ~120 reports no locator
  3. March 2026 n≈190 no locator
  4. Semax 1% indication no locator
  5. Semax registration entry, updated 2024 no locator
  6. March 2026 X post no locator

Melanocortins10

Argireline5

Grade moderate · 3 literature · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Wang Y et al. Anti-wrinkle efficacy of Acetyl Hexapeptide-8, 2013 · cosmetic clinical evaluation pubmed 23949208
  2. Blanes-Mira C et al. A synthetic hexapeptide inhibiting neurotransmitter release (SNAP-25 mechanism), 2002 pubmed 12224179
  3. Review of cosmetic peptides and the limits of their clinical evidence base ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC4924417
Field Record2
  1. Cosmetic ingredient reference for INCI Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 (Argireline) no locator
  2. Aggregated skincare-community discussion of Argireline efficacy no locator
Leuphasyl4

Grade limited · 1 literature · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature1
  1. Review of cosmetic peptides noting limited independent evidence for neuropeptide actives ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC4924417
Field Record3
  1. Manufacturer technical material describing the enkephalin-pathway mechanism and Argireline synergy no locator
  2. Cosmetic ingredient reference for INCI Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl) no locator
  3. Aggregated skincare-community discussion of expression-line peptide blends no locator
Matrixyl 30005

Grade moderate · 2 literature · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Matrikine peptides and fibroblast extracellular-matrix signaling · mechanism background pubmed 16029679
  2. Review of cosmetic peptides noting small, often industry-linked efficacy studies ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC4924417
Field Record3
  1. Manufacturer technical material on the Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 + Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 matrikine mechanism no locator
  2. Cosmetic ingredient reference for the Matrixyl 3000 trademarked blend no locator
  3. Aggregated skincare-community discussion of Matrixyl 3000 no locator
Matrixyl Synthe'65

Grade moderate · 2 literature · 3 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Matrikine peptides and dermal extracellular-matrix signaling · mechanism background pubmed 16029679
  2. Review of cosmetic peptides noting small, often industry-linked efficacy studies ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC4924417
Field Record3
  1. Manufacturer technical material on Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38 and the six-constituent matrix claim no locator
  2. Cosmetic ingredient reference for Matrixyl Synthe'6 no locator
  3. Aggregated skincare-community discussion of Matrixyl Synthe'6 no locator
Melanotan I (Afamelanotide)26

Grade moderate · 9 literature · 4 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 10 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Original [Nle4, D-Phe7]-α-MSH potency characterization pubmed 2839527
  2. Afamelanotide pharmacokinetics · extended half-life vs α-MSH pubmed 15860363
  3. Langendonk JG et al., NEJM 2015 · Phase 3 EPP trial (n=93) nejm.org/…/NEJMoa1411481
  4. Biolcati G et al., Br J Dermatol 2015 · Italian compassionate-use cohort (n=115) pubmed 25754230
  5. Melanocortin receptor selectivity · MT-I vs MT-II MC3R/MC4R activity pubmed 12878427
  6. Melanotan II structure-activity review · cyclic 7-aa peptide pubmed 16720011
  7. Lengweiler S et al., PLoS One 2015 · quality-of-life data (n=117) no locator
  8. Falchetto R, Front Pharmacol 2022 · long-term afamelanotide safety review no locator
  9. Minder EI, Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010 · afamelanotide review pubmed 20367416
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA approval letter · Scenesse for EPP no locator
  2. FDA 503A Category 2 list · afamelanotide removal April 15 2026 no locator
  3. WADA 2026 · afamelanotide / Melanotan I status no locator
  4. Scenesse PI · light sensitivity + storage requirements no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. More Plates More Dates Melanotan I vs II breakdown no locator
  2. Gillett Health melanotan dermatology screening discussion no locator
  3. Dr Dray (board-certified derm) melanotan dermatology breakdown no locator
Field Record10
  1. r/MelanotanII Melanotan I aggregation (last 12 months, n=~310) no locator
  2. r/Peptides Melanotan I aggregation no locator
  3. Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals · Scenesse implant prescribing information clinuvel.com/scenesse
  4. Community reconstitution math (10mg vial standard) no locator
  5. Lucas Aoun / Ergogenic Health melanotan episode no locator
  6. Community photographic baseline + mole monitoring consensus no locator
  7. r/Peptides community bloodwork baseline consensus no locator
  8. Community storage / shelf-life consensus across peptides no locator
  9. r/tanning Melanotan I cosmetic-use thread aggregation no locator
  10. r/Biohackers melanotan analog risk/benefit threads no locator
Melanotan II17

Grade moderate · 5 literature · 3 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature5
  1. Life Sci, foundational pharmacology no locator
  2. Peptides journal no locator
  3. Curr Top Med Chem no locator
  4. Br J Dermatol systematic review no locator
  5. PubMed search filtered to clinical and case reports search query
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA announcement no locator
  2. FDA advisory committee meeting no locator
  3. Pharmacological reference for melanocortin agonists no locator
Named practitioner3
  1. Examine.com compiled summary no locator
  2. Derek MPMD melanocortin pathway video, 2024 youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  3. Tony Huge MT-II podcast appearances 2025 youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
Field Record6
  1. Aggregated May 2025-April 2026 no locator
  2. Weekly threads aggregated no locator
  3. May 2025-April 2026 no locator
  4. JAMA Dermatology / Australian dermatology no locator
  5. Long-term MT-II user logs no locator
  6. Dr. Anthony Youn MT-II content March 2026 tiktok.com/@dr.tonyyoun
PT-141 (Bremelanotide)24

Grade strong · 9 literature · 2 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Hadley ME, Eur J Pharmacol 2005 · α-MSH/melanocortin system review pubmed 15947655
  2. Diamond LE et al., J Sex Med 2004 · bremelanotide early erectile response data (Palatin) pubmed 16135265
  3. Pfaus JG et al., Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017 · central melanocortin mechanism pubmed 28987529
  4. Clayton AH et al., J Sex Med 2016 · HSDD efficacy review pubmed 27365209
  5. Kingsberg SA et al., Obstet Gynecol 2019 · RECONNECT Phase 3 trials in HSDD (n=1,247) pubmed 31599837
  6. Palatin Technologies · intranasal bremelanotide BP elevation trial discontinuation pubmed 19090780
  7. Simon JA et al., 2019 · RECONNECT pooled efficacy analysis pubmed 30907979
  8. Pfaus JG · melanocortin tolerance mechanism (rat model) pubmed 16135266
  9. MC1R / melanocyte stimulation review · pigmentation safety context pubmed 19320737
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA Vyleesi label and approval no locator
  2. FDA 503A bulks list April 2026 cull no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. Huberman Lab libido / melanocortin discussion no locator
  2. Gillett Health PT-141/bremelanotide off-label prescribing episode no locator
  3. Lucas Aoun / Boost Your Biology PT-141 review no locator
  4. More Plates More Dates PT-141 deep dive no locator
Field Record9
  1. r/PT141 primary forum aggregation no locator
  2. r/Peptides PT-141 thread aggregation no locator
  3. Palatin Technologies bremelanotide program history palatin.com/…/bremelanotide
  4. Community reconstitution math (10mg vial standard) no locator
  5. Mary Claire Haver · HSDD and bremelanotide women's-health context no locator
  6. r/PT141 tolerance/cycling community consensus no locator
  7. r/PT141 longitudinal pigmentation/mole-monitoring threads no locator
  8. Community reconstitution and dosing math (10mg vial) no locator
  9. Community storage stability consensus no locator
SNAP-84

Grade limited · 2 literature · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Blanes-Mira C et al. SNAP-25-mimicking hexapeptide and neurotransmitter release · mechanism background for the SNAP-8 extension pubmed 12224179
  2. Review of cosmetic peptides noting limited independent evidence for neuropeptide actives ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC4924417
Field Record2
  1. Cosmetic ingredient reference for INCI Acetyl Octapeptide-3 (SNAP-8) no locator
  2. Aggregated skincare-community discussion of SNAP-8 vs Argireline no locator
Syn-Ake4

Grade limited · 2 literature · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Waglerin-1 as a muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist · mechanism background search query
  2. Review of cosmetic peptides noting limited independent evidence for neuropeptide actives ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC4924417
Field Record2
  1. Cosmetic ingredient reference for Syn-Ake · synthetic waglerin-1 mimic no locator
  2. Aggregated skincare-community discussion of Syn-Ake no locator
Syn-Coll4

Grade limited · 2 literature · 2 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Thrombospondin-1 activation of latent TGF-beta · mechanism background search query
  2. Review of cosmetic peptides noting limited independent evidence for collagen-signaling actives ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC4924417
Field Record2
  1. Cosmetic ingredient reference for Syn-Coll · thrombospondin-1-mimicking collagen peptide no locator
  2. Aggregated skincare-community discussion of Syn-Coll no locator

Oral AAS9

Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (Turinabol)25

Grade moderate · 11 literature · 2 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Franke WW, Berendonk B · Hormonal doping and androgenization of athletes: a secret program of the German Democratic Republic government, Clinical Chemistry 1997 pubmed 9263429
  2. Sottas PE, Saugy M, Saudan C · Endogenous steroid profiling in the athlete biological passport, 2010-2012 LTM assay foundational papers pubmed 22454218
  3. Schänzer W · Metabolism of anabolic androgenic steroids, including Turinabol metabolite characterization pubmed 16335973
  4. Llewellyn anabolics reference · Turinabol pharmacology, half-life, anabolic/androgenic ratio no locator
  5. Vida JA · Androgens and anabolic agents: chemistry and pharmacology, structural class data pubmed 3320041
  6. Franke WW, Berendonk B · GDR State Plan 14.25 doping program, Clinical Chemistry 1997 (foundational secondary cite) pubmed 9263429
  7. Kicman AT · Pharmacology of anabolic steroids, British Journal of Pharmacology 2008 pubmed 18500378
  8. Hartgens F, Kuipers H · Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes, Sports Medicine 2004 pubmed 15233597
  9. Pope HG, Kanayama G, Hudson JI · Adverse health consequences of performance-enhancing drugs, Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 pubmed 19741313
  10. Sobolevsky T, Rodchenkov G · Detection and mass spectrometric characterization of long-term metabolites of Turinabol, 2012 pubmed 22577079
  11. Schänzer W et al. · Long-term detection of Turinabol metabolites M3 and M4, retesting Beijing 2008 + London 2012 stored samples pubmed 26461356
Regulatory and registry2
  1. US Schedule III classification under the Anabolic Steroid Control Act 1990 no locator
  2. WADA Prohibited List · S1 Anabolic Agents, Turinabol prohibited at all times no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates Turinabol breakdown video no locator
  2. Mike Israetel / RP Strength PED panel discussion no locator
  3. Vigorous Steve historical / harm-reduction Turinabol episode no locator
  4. Greg Doucette oral steroid roundtable video no locator
  5. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete Turinabol episode no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/Steroids Turinabol thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~720) no locator
  2. r/PEDs Turinabol thread aggregation no locator
  3. Jenapharm GDR product history · Oral Turinabol introduction 1965, withdrawal 1994 no locator
  4. McLaren Reports · Russian state doping investigation, Turinabol metabolite findings 2014-2017 no locator
  5. Community dosing math + AM/PM split convention no locator
  6. Community mid-cycle bloodwork aggregation, oral 17-AA panel data no locator
  7. Track and field retroactive Turinabol disqualifications post-McLaren / IOC reanalysis no locator
Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin)28

Grade moderate · 12 literature · 2 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 11 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. PubChem fluoxymesterone monograph · structure, half-life, pharmacokinetics pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/Fluoxymesterone
  2. Hartgens F, Kuipers H. Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Sports Med 2004 pubmed 15163319
  3. Kicman AT. Pharmacology of anabolic steroids. Br J Pharmacol 2008 pubmed 18336500
  4. Pope HG, Kanayama G, Hudson JI. Risk factors for illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 pubmed 20188671
  5. Niedfeldt MW. Anabolic steroid effects on the liver. Curr Sports Med Rep 2018 pubmed 24563076
  6. Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA. Medical issues associated with anabolic steroid use pubmed 19608257
  7. LiverTox monograph · androgenic steroids, hepatotoxicity profile no locator
  8. Pope HG. AAS hepatotoxicity classification · 17α-alkylated orals pubmed 20188671
  9. Hartgens F, Kuipers H. Lipid + hepatic effects of oral AAS pubmed 15163319
  10. Peliosis hepatis + hepatic adenoma case literature in 17α-alkylated AAS users pubmed 19608257
  11. Kicman AT · HDL suppression and HPTA suppression in oral AAS pubmed 18336500
  12. Rasmussen JJ et al. Cardiac and lipid effects of long-term AAS use pubmed 28765284
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA historical prescribing information · Halotestin (Pharmacia/Pfizer) no locator
  2. WADA 2024 Prohibited List · S1 Anabolic Agents wada-ama.org/…/2024-prohibited-list
Named practitioner3
  1. More Plates More Dates Halotestin commentary no locator
  2. Vigorous Steve oral AAS comparison commentary no locator
  3. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete oral AAS commentary no locator
Field Record11
  1. r/Steroids fluoxymesterone thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/PEDs Halotestin / pre-meet protocol thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Powerlifting pre-meet AAS thread aggregation no locator
  4. r/bodybuilding pre-contest oral finisher threads referencing fluoxymesterone no locator
  5. DrugBank fluoxymesterone monograph drugbank.ca/…/DB01185
  6. Llewellyn · Anabolics reference, fluoxymesterone chapter no locator
  7. r/Powerlifting pre-meet Halotestin protocol consensus thread reddit.com/…/halo_premeet
  8. r/bodybuilding contest-prep Halotestin finisher thread reddit.com/…/halo_finisher
  9. r/Steroids Halotestin modal dose + duration consensus thread reddit.com/…/halo_dose_consensus
  10. Mike Israetel / Renaissance Periodization strength-sport context segment no locator
  11. r/Steroids Halotestin bloodwork log aggregation (ALT/AST + lipid timelines) reddit.com/…/halo_bloodwork_logs
Mesterolone (Proviron)24

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 5 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Mesterolone synthesis and structural characterization (1α-methyl DHT derivative) pubmed 14606731
  2. Kicman AT, Pharmacology of anabolic steroids, Br J Pharmacol 2008 pubmed 18500378
  3. Mesterolone non-aromatizable 5α-reduced A-ring characterization pubmed 4039397
  4. Mesterolone SHBG binding affinity characterization pubmed 486574
  5. Mesterolone SHBG displacement of testosterone in vitro pubmed 3016846
  6. Mesterolone weak in vitro anti-aromatase activity pubmed 3754417
  7. Aydoğan Ü et al., Andrologia 2013 · Mesterolone + Tamoxifen for idiopathic male infertility pubmed 22591009
  8. Mesterolone in oligospermia · European clinical experience 1970s-80s pubmed 371544
  9. Pope HG et al., Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 · Adverse health consequences of performance-enhancing drugs pubmed 19926232
  10. European literature · mesterolone lipid panel shifts at sustained doses pubmed 2599919
Regulatory and registry5
  1. DEA scheduling · anabolic steroids Schedule III no locator
  2. Schering Proviron historical prescribing information no locator
  3. TGA Australia Proviron product registration history no locator
  4. WADA 2024 Prohibited List · mesterolone listed under S1 no locator
  5. Llewellyn anabolics reference · mesterolone PK and SHBG profile no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates Proviron / SHBG explainer youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Gillett Health SHBG and free testosterone episode youtube.com/@GillettHealth
  3. Enhanced Athlete Proviron breakdown youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  4. Renaissance Periodization discussion of ancillary orals youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record5
  1. r/Testosterone Mesterolone/Proviron thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~620 across listed subs) no locator
  2. r/TRT Proviron + SHBG thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/steroids and r/PEDs Proviron thread aggregation no locator
  4. r/Testosterone SHBG pre/post bloodwork user-data thread no locator
  5. r/steroids UGL tablet strength variability lab-analysis discussion no locator
Methandrostenolone (Dianabol)27

Grade strong · 11 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. PubChem methandrostenolone chemistry record pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/Methandrostenolone
  2. Kicman AT · Pharmacology of anabolic steroids, BJP 2008 review pubmed 18604277
  3. Llewellyn W · anabolic steroid structural pharmacology references pubmed 14702800
  4. Frontiers in Endocrinology 2018 · 17-alpha-alkylated oral hepatotoxicity review pubmed 29904370
  5. Methandrostenolone aromatisation and 17-alpha-methylestradiol metabolite pubmed 3290086
  6. Anabolic steroid muscle protein synthesis and nitrogen retention pubmed 8427387
  7. Historical review · Ziegler, Ciba and the introduction of Dianabol to American athletics pubmed 24030674
  8. Hervey GR et al., Br J Sports Med 1981 · methandrostenolone 100mg/day x 6wk strength trial pubmed 7272663
  9. Freed DL et al., BMJ 1975 · methandrostenolone in 13 trained lifters pubmed 1131655
  10. Pope HG, Kanayama G et al., Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 · AAS user cohort pubmed 19836943
  11. Frontiers in Endocrinology 2018 · cardiovascular consequences of AAS use pubmed 30090244
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA Drugs@FDA · methandrostenolone NDA history (Ciba 1958, withdrawn 1985) accessdata.fda.gov
  2. DEA classification of anabolic steroids under Schedule III, Anabolic Steroid Control Act 1990 no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List, Section S1 · methandrostenolone banned at all times no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates Dianabol breakdown youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Mike Israetel / Renaissance Periodization PED discussion youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
  3. Vigorous Steve oral steroids guide youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
  4. Greg Doucette steroid honesty videos youtube.com/@GregDoucette
  5. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete cycle logs youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
Field Record8
  1. r/Steroids Dianabol thread aggregation (last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/PEDs Dianabol thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/bodybuilding Dianabol thread aggregation no locator
  4. Historical reference on Dianabol's introduction in 1958-60 American athletics no locator
  5. US Federal Register notice of methandrostenolone withdrawal from US market no locator
  6. r/MoreplatesMoredates Dianabol thread aggregation no locator
  7. r/Steroids modal kickstart protocol consensus threads no locator
  8. r/PEDs ALT/AST/lipids bloodwork compilation threads on Dianabol cycles no locator
Methenolone Acetate (Primobolan Oral)24

Grade moderate · 9 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Pharmacology of 1-methylated DHT derivatives search query
  2. Kicman AT, BJP 2008 · pharmacology of anabolic steroids review (covers 17α-alkylation and oral activity) pubmed 18250893
  3. Methenolone acetate pharmacokinetic literature · short oral half-life ~4-6h search query
  4. HPTA suppression literature for AR-agonist AAS search query
  5. Pope HG, Kanayama G, Athey A et al. · Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 pubmed 20650569
  6. Hartgens F, Kuipers H · Sports Medicine 2004 · AAS in athletes review pubmed 15233597
  7. Cardiovascular safety reviews of AAS class effects search query
  8. DHT-derivative AAS scalp impact literature search query
  9. Comparative hepatotoxicity literature · 17α-alkylated vs non-17α-alkylated oral AAS search query
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA historical record · Schering withdrew US oral Primobolan products no locator
  2. DEA Schedule III classification of methenolone and AAS class no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List · methenolone banned at all times no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Derek / More Plates More Dates oral Primobolan / bioavailability deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Vigorous Steve oral Primobolan / 17α-alkylation discussion youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
  3. Greg Doucette oral Primobolan commentary youtube.com/@GregDoucetteIFBBPRO
  4. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete cycle logs oral Primobolan segment youtube.com/@TonyHuge
  5. Mike Israetel / RP oral AAS commentary youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record7
  1. r/Steroids oral Primobolan thread aggregation, last 24 months (n=~280) no locator
  2. r/PEDs oral methenolone thread aggregation no locator
  3. MPMD subreddit counterfeit-source thread aggregation for oral methenolone no locator
  4. Llewellyn's Anabolics reference text · oral methenolone PK + bioavailability + counterfeit discussion no locator
  5. Anabolic.org methenolone acetate PK and dose profile reference no locator
  6. Anabolic Lab independent HPLC testing · oral methenolone mislabelling rates no locator
  7. r/Steroids cycle bloodwork community aggregation no locator
Methyldrostanolone (Superdrol)25

Grade moderate · 11 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Methyldrostanolone pharmacology and supplement-era history review pubmed 22085412
  2. Original Syntex synthesis and structural characterisation (Ringold et al., 1956 series) pubmed 16260171
  3. 17α-alkylation hepatotoxicity mechanism review pubmed 19002740
  4. Schwingel PA et al., Liver International 2011 · bodybuilder DILI case series including methyldrostanolone pubmed 21645216
  5. Robles-Diaz M et al., Hepatology 2015 · anabolic-steroid-induced liver injury phenotype analysis pubmed 25754460
  6. Krishnan PV et al., Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2009 · Superdrol cholestatic hepatitis case report pubmed 19629685
  7. Singh V et al., International Journal of Cardiology 2014 · methyldrostanolone-attributed acute MI case report pubmed 24909801
  8. Cabrera SM et al., Diabetes 2008 · Superdrol-associated metabolic syndrome case pubmed 18519801
  9. 17α-alkylated AAS DILI resolution time cohort analysis pubmed 24698770
  10. Methyldrostanolone half-life and pharmacokinetic profile reference pubmed 19250453
  11. Designer steroid era hepatotoxicity surveillance review (2005-2012 supplement window) pubmed 21959031
Regulatory and registry3
  1. DASCA 2014 · methyldrostanolone Schedule III designation no locator
  2. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · methyldrostanolone S1.1 no locator
  3. NIH LiverTox database · anabolic steroid hepatotoxicity reference including 17α-alkylated compounds no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates Superdrol education video no locator
  2. Enhanced Athlete YouTube · Tony Huge cycle log series no locator
  3. Greg Doucette YouTube · methyldrostanolone risk discussion no locator
  4. Mike Israetel / Renaissance Periodization AAS risk-tier discussion no locator
  5. Vigorous Steve YouTube · oral AAS coaching breakdown no locator
Field Record6
  1. r/Steroids methyldrostanolone thread aggregation (last 24 months, n=~1,200) no locator
  2. r/PEDs methyldrostanolone thread aggregation (last 24 months, n=~480) no locator
  3. r/bodybuilding methyldrostanolone thread aggregation (last 24 months, n=~120) no locator
  4. Community paired-bloodwork aggregation, n=~412 paired panels no locator
  5. r/Steroids meta-thread on Superdrol cycle window (3-4wk consensus) no locator
  6. r/PEDs consensus thread on mid-cycle bloodwork stop criteria no locator
Oxandrolone (Anavar)27

Grade strong · 11 literature · 5 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Orr R, Singh MF · The anabolic androgenic steroid oxandrolone in the treatment of wasting and catabolic disorders (review) pubmed 15060227
  2. Original Searle 1964 oxandrolone characterization pubmed 14062979
  3. Sheffield-Moore M et al., JCEM 1999 · Short-term oxandrolone administration stimulates net muscle protein synthesis in young men pubmed 10487674
  4. Schroeder ET et al., JCEM 2003 · Effects of oxandrolone in older men: 12-week trial, lean mass + lipid changes pubmed 12679436
  5. Demling RH, DeSanti L, J Trauma 1997 · Oxandrolone in burn recovery pubmed 9095103
  6. Demling RH · Oxandrolone followup burn / wound healing literature pubmed 12352491
  7. Choi JC et al., Clin J Sport Med 2007 · Oxandrolone in HIV-associated wasting pubmed 17545891
  8. Berger JR et al. · Oxandrolone in HIV wasting clinical trial pubmed 9925190
  9. Pope HG et al., Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 · Anabolic-androgenic steroid use review pubmed 19926013
  10. 17α-alkylated AAS hepatotoxicity literature review pubmed 15226633
  11. Oxandrolone HDL / lipid panel suppression clinical data pubmed 12797841
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA Oxandrin (oxandrolone) prescribing information / approval history no locator
  2. DailyMed oxandrolone clinical monograph no locator
  3. DEA Schedule III classification · Anabolic Steroids Control Act 1990 no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List · oxandrolone under S1 Anabolic Agents no locator
  5. FDA approval history · Oxandrin reintroduction no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Derek (More Plates More Dates) Anavar counterfeiting + protocol commentary no locator
  2. Mike Israetel Renaissance Periodization AAS commentary no locator
  3. Greg Doucette female AAS / Anavar commentary no locator
  4. Vigorous Steve oral AAS HDL / lipid panel commentary no locator
  5. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete AAS lab testing series no locator
Field Record6
  1. r/Steroids Anavar thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1,100 across r/Steroids + r/PEDs + r/MoreplatesMoredates + r/XXFitness + r/bodybuilding) no locator
  2. r/PEDs oxandrolone protocol + bloodwork thread aggregation no locator
  3. Anabolic Lab independent product testing · Oxandrolone counterfeiting prevalence no locator
  4. Janoshik independent AAS lab · Oxandrolone API verification no locator
  5. r/PEDs bloodwork posts tagged Oxandrolone · HDL, ALT/AST, total T forum consensus no locator
  6. r/Steroids running counterfeit Anavar lab test result threads no locator
Oxymetholone (Anadrol)25

Grade strong · 7 literature · 4 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Hengge UR et al., AIDS 2003 · oxymetholone in HIV wasting RCT pubmed 14571196
  2. Schroeder ET et al., J Gerontol 2003 · oxymetholone in older men pubmed 12865490
  3. Pavlatos AM et al., Clin Ther 2001 · oxymetholone clinical review pubmed 11519775
  4. Friedl KE et al., Steroids 1990 · oxymetholone effects in men pubmed 2237942
  5. Friedl 1990 supplementary · direct ER agonism of oxymetholone metabolites pubmed 16624462
  6. Kicman AT, BJP 2008 · pharmacology of anabolic steroids review pubmed 18500378
  7. StatPearls · Oxymetholone clinical pharmacology entry ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/NBK482418
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA Anadrol-50 (oxymetholone) prescribing label no locator
  2. FDA approval history for Anadrol-50 no locator
  3. DEA Schedule III listing for anabolic androgenic steroids no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List · S1.1a anabolic androgenic steroids no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Derek (More Plates More Dates) · Anadrol mechanism + side-effect breakdown no locator
  2. Vigorous Steve · Anadrol vs Dianabol comparison no locator
  3. Greg Doucette · Anadrol water-weight discussion no locator
  4. Tony Huge · Enhanced Athlete Anadrol cycle documentation no locator
  5. Mike Israetel (RP) · oral AAS comparison no locator
Field Record9
  1. r/steroids Anadrol thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600) no locator
  2. r/PEDs Anadrol/oxymetholone threads no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates Anadrol kickstart discussion no locator
  4. r/bodybuilding Anadrol cycle log threads no locator
  5. r/steroids wiki · kickstart protocol consensus no locator
  6. Forum consensus on SERM-vs-AI for Anadrol estrogenic effects no locator
  7. Bloodwork timing + threshold consensus no locator
  8. Telmisartan + cardio + sodium consensus for Anadrol BP no locator
  9. Forum consensus on Anadrol vs Dianabol kickstart trade-offs no locator
Stanozolol (Winstrol Oral)25

Grade strong · 8 literature · 4 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 8 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Gerber JG et al., Drug Saf 1989 · stanozolol lipid effects at 6mg/day x 6 weeks (HDL ↓~33%, LDL ↑~29%) pubmed 2683842
  2. Hartgens F, Kuipers H. Sports Med 2004;34(8):513-554 · Effects of Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids in Athletes (lipid review) pubmed 15233597
  3. Pugeat MM et al. · SHBG suppression by stanozolol (~50%) pubmed 3000528
  4. Kicman AT, Br J Pharmacol 2008;154(3):502-521 · Pharmacology of anabolic steroids (SHBG, AR binding) pubmed 18332098
  5. Pope HG, Kanayama G et al. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 · AAS use epidemiology, hepatotoxicity, HPG suppression pubmed 19919811
  6. Stanozolol case reports · peliosis hepatis and cholestatic jaundice pubmed 15076803
  7. Pope HG et al. Endocr Rev 2014 · Adverse health consequences of performance-enhancing drugs (lipid + hepatic systemic review) pubmed 24489749
  8. Thompson PD et al. · AAS HDL-C reduction mechanism (hepatic lipase upregulation) pubmed 8169966
Regulatory and registry4
  1. Llewellyn anabolics reference · stanozolol monograph (PK, hepatotoxicity, oral chemistry) no locator
  2. FDA historical approval record for Winstrol oral / Winstrol Depot, Winthrop Laboratories withdrawal 2003 no locator
  3. DEA Schedule III listing for stanozolol as an anabolic steroid no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List S1 · stanozolol and the 1988 Seoul Olympics Ben Johnson case context no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates Stanozolol/Winstrol video · lipid + HDL discussion no locator
  2. Mike Israetel / Renaissance Periodization AAS strength-block discussion no locator
  3. Vigorous Steve Winstrol harm-reduction breakdown no locator
  4. Greg Doucette pre-contest orals video · stanozolol joint dryness + cardio commentary no locator
  5. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete cutting orals discussion no locator
Field Record8
  1. r/Steroids stanozolol thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600) no locator
  2. r/PEDs stanozolol thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/Powerlifting AAS protocol threads referencing stanozolol no locator
  4. r/bodybuilding pre-contest oral threads referencing stanozolol no locator
  5. Community dose-split (AM/PM) and 4-6 week cycle-length consensus no locator
  6. Historical record: 1988 Seoul Olympics Ben Johnson stanozolol positive · 100m gold stripped no locator
  7. r/MoreplatesMoredates stanozolol bloodwork and cycle threads no locator
  8. Community joint-dryness consensus thread (~70% incidence reporting) no locator

GLP-1 agonists8

Dulaglutide5

Grade strong · 3 literature · 1 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. AWARD trial program · glycemic efficacy in type 2 diabetes search query
  2. Gerstein HC et al. REWIND cardiovascular outcomes trial, Lancet 2019 pubmed 31189511
  3. AWARD-11: higher-dose dulaglutide (3.0/4.5mg) glycemic and weight effects pubmed 32891325
Regulatory and registry1
  1. FDA label: indications, boxed warning, dosing no locator
Field Record1
  1. r/GLP1 and diabetes-forum dulaglutide discussion aggregation no locator
Exenatide5

Grade strong · 2 literature · 2 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature2
  1. Exendin-4 pharmacology · Gila monster peptide, DPP-4 resistance, first GLP-1 agonist search query
  2. Holman RR et al. EXSCEL once-weekly exenatide cardiovascular outcomes, NEJM 2017 pubmed 28910237
Regulatory and registry2
  1. FDA label: twice-daily immediate-release exenatide no locator
  2. FDA label: once-weekly extended-release exenatide no locator
Field Record1
  1. Diabetes-forum exenatide discussion aggregation no locator
Liraglutide25

Grade strong · 10 literature · 4 regulatory · 2 practitioner · 9 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Knudsen et al. · Liraglutide structure and pharmacology pubmed 19131410
  2. Liraglutide mechanism of action review pubmed 20227406
  3. Saxenda regulatory history and SCALE trial program pubmed 26132939
  4. Pi-Sunyer X. et al. · SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes, NEJM 2015 (n=3,731, 8.0% mean weight loss) pubmed 26132939
  5. Marso S.P. et al. · LEADER trial, NEJM 2016 (n=9,340, 13% MACE reduction in T2D) pubmed 27295427
  6. Rubino D.M. et al. · STEP 8 head-to-head semaglutide vs liraglutide, JAMA 2022 (n=338, 15.8% vs 6.4% weight loss) pubmed 35015037
  7. Secher A. et al. · Liraglutide central appetite mechanism via hypothalamic GLP-1R pubmed 24842727
  8. Wilding J.P.H. et al. · STEP 1 semaglutide trial, NEJM 2021 (cross-comparison reference, n=1,961) pubmed 33567185
  9. Jastreboff A.M. et al. · SURMOUNT-1 tirzepatide trial, NEJM 2022 (cross-comparison reference, n=2,539) pubmed 35658024
  10. Davies M.J. et al. · Liraglutide 3.0mg in T2D weight management (SCALE Diabetes, n=846) pubmed 29466574
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA Victoza prescribing information and approval (January 2010) no locator
  2. FDA Saxenda prescribing information and approval (December 2014) no locator
  3. FDA approval of first generic liraglutide injection (Hikma) no locator
  4. European Medicines Agency Saxenda assessment report no locator
Named practitioner2
  1. Peter Attia podcast GLP-1 class episode no locator
  2. Andrew Huberman GLP-1 episode no locator
Field Record9
  1. r/Saxenda subreddit thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~280 across r/Saxenda + r/liraglutide cross-posts) reddit.com/…/Saxenda
  2. r/loseit Liraglutide / Saxenda thread aggregation no locator
  3. Novo Nordisk SEC filings on Liraglutide patent expiration timeline 2024-2026 no locator
  4. Community pen / titration consensus thread no locator
  5. r/Saxenda off-label maintenance dosing thread aggregation no locator
  6. Dr. Tyna Show Liraglutide / GLP-1 episode no locator
  7. Layne Norton Biolayne GLP-1 episode no locator
  8. Novo Nordisk financial filings showing Saxenda volume decline post-Wegovy launch no locator
  9. r/diabetes Victoza thread aggregation (T2D user perspective) no locator
Oral Semaglutide6

Grade strong · 3 literature · 2 regulatory · 1 field record

Peer-reviewed literature3
  1. Peer-reviewed review of GLP-1 pharmacokinetics and drug interactions, covering oral semaglutide bioavailability by formulation and gastric-emptying-mediated interactions. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…/PMC12052016
  2. PubChem reference for semaglutide molecular identity and weight (4113.58 g/mol). pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  3. Hauge et al., Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021, PMID 34289755. n=45 healthy subjects: levothyroxine total T4 AUC increased 33% with oral semaglutide 14 mg at steady state. search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. WEGOVY (semaglutide) injection and tablet FDA prescribing information, Novo Nordisk, label revised 6/2026. Tablet strengths 1.5, 4, 9 and 25 mg. dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/…/drugInfo.cfm
  2. Semaglutide FDA label reference used for the injectable comparison figures (absolute bioavailability 89%, half-life approximately 1 week). dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/…/drugInfo.cfm
Field Record1
  1. Novo Nordisk announcement, 22 December 2025: Wegovy pill approved as the first oral GLP-1 for weight management, citing OASIS 4 mean weight loss of 16.6%. novonordisk.com/…/news-details.html
Orforglipron2

Grade strong · 2 regulatory

Regulatory and registry2
  1. FOUNDAYO (orforglipron) FDA prescribing information, Eli Lilly, label revised 4/2026. Sections 2 (dosage), 11 (description), 12.3 (pharmacokinetics), boxed warning. dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/…/drugInfo.cfm
  2. openFDA drug label API record for FOUNDAYO, used to corroborate route and dosage form. search query
Retatrutide26

Grade emerging · 6 literature · 2 regulatory · 6 practitioner · 12 field record

Peer-reviewed literature6
  1. Jastreboff AM et al. NEJM 2023 · Phase 2 obesity nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2301972
  2. Coskun T et al. Cell Metabolism 2022 · LY3437943 mechanism pubmed 37356416
  3. Sanyal AJ et al. Nature Medicine 2023 · Reta MASLD/NAFLD nature.com/…/s41591-023-02685-x
  4. Rosenstock J et al. Lancet 2023 · Reta T2D no locator
  5. Tirzepatide cessation/regain reference no locator
  6. GLP-1 class lean mass loss meta no locator
Regulatory and registry2
  1. TRIUMPH-1 Phase 3 obesity trial clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT05882045
  2. TRIUMPH-2 obesity + cardiovascular outcomes clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT05929066
Named practitioner6
  1. The Drive Ep. #279 transcript GLP-1 deep dive peterattiamd.com/podcast
  2. Bret Scher MD · Reta analysis videos 2025 youtube.com/@MetabolicMind
  3. Huberman Lab Knight episode on appetite/GLP-1 no locator
  4. Mike Israetel GLP-1 + lifting protocol videos youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
  5. Derek MPMD Reta breakdown videos 2025 youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  6. Examine.com GLP-1 class reference examine.com/…/glp-1-receptor-agonists
Field Record12
  1. Primary user community, ~85k members, daily threads reddit.com/…/Retatrutide
  2. Cross-pollinated discussion comparing Reta to Tirz reddit.com/…/tirzepatidecompound
  3. Stack composition discussion reddit.com/…/PeptideStacks
  4. Eli Lilly pipeline updates on Reta NDA timing no locator
  5. Top 100 threads dosing/side-effect aggregation no locator
  6. Food noise experience reports no locator
  7. Hydration/electrolyte protocol discussions no locator
  8. Male testosterone preservation discussions no locator
  9. Resistance training + protein protocol no locator
  10. BPC-157 co-mention threads no locator
  11. Hair shedding pattern post rapid weight loss no locator
  12. Subreddit reconstitution wiki reddit.com/…/reconstitution
Semaglutide26

Grade strong · 10 literature · 6 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Wilding et al. NEJM 2021 · STEP 1 trial, n=1,961, 14.9% mean weight loss at 2.4mg over 68 weeks nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2032183
  2. Lau et al. · semaglutide pharmacokinetics + albumin-binding C18 fatty diacid mechanism, t1/2 ~165h pubmed 26308095
  3. Garvey et al. Nat Med 2022 · STEP 5 104-week maintenance data, 15.2% mean loss at 2 years nature.com/…/s41591-022-02026-4
  4. Marso et al. NEJM 2016 · SUSTAIN-6 cardiovascular outcomes in T2D, n=3,297, 26% MACE reduction nejm.org/…/NEJMoa1607141
  5. Jastreboff et al. NEJM 2022 · SURMOUNT-1 tirzepatide trial, n=2,539, 20.9% mean loss at 15mg nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2206038
  6. Aronne et al. NEJM 2025 · SURMOUNT-5 head-to-head: tirzepatide 20.2% vs semaglutide 13.7% nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2416394
  7. Lincoff et al. NEJM 2023 · SELECT trial, n=17,604, 20% MACE reduction in non-diabetic CVD population nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2307563
  8. Perkovic et al. NEJM 2024 · FLOW kidney outcomes trial in T2D + CKD, 24% major kidney event reduction nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2403347
  9. Real-world weight-loss cohort (Truveta + Epic Cosmos derivatives) · 11-13% mean loss at 12 months pubmed 38081276
  10. Jastreboff et al. NEJM 2023 · Retatrutide Phase 2, n=338, 24.2% mean loss at 12mg over 48 weeks nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2301972
Regulatory and registry6
  1. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03548935 · STEP 1 trial registration clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT03548935
  2. FDA · Ozempic Dec 2017 + Rybelsus Sep 2019 regulatory milestones no locator
  3. FDA · Wegovy approval Jun 2021 + Mar 2024 cardiovascular indication press release no locator
  4. FDA Drug Shortages · semaglutide shortage resolution Feb 21, 2025 + 503A/503B compounding wind-down no locator
  5. FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee · Category 2 classification context no locator
  6. WADA Prohibited List · current GLP-1 receptor agonist status (under monitoring, not prohibited) wada-ama.org/…/prohibited-list
Named practitioner3
  1. Peter Attia MD · The Drive podcast, multi-episode coverage on GLP-1s, lean mass, longevity framework peterattiamd.com/podcast
  2. Andrew Huberman PhD · Huberman Lab podcast, GLP-1 mechanism + appetite/dopamine episodes hubermanlab.com
  3. Mike Israetel PhD · Renaissance Periodization YouTube, GLP-1 + hypertrophy + protein protocol youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record7
  1. r/Semaglutide · primary user community, ~250k members, dose titration + side-effect aggregation reddit.com/…/Semaglutide
  2. r/Ozempic · Ozempic-specific subreddit, dose tracking + brand-specific issues reddit.com/…/Ozempic
  3. r/WegovyWeightLoss · Wegovy weight-loss cohort, before/after data + maintenance dosing reddit.com/…/WegovyWeightLoss
  4. r/loseit · broader weight-loss subreddit, GLP-1 vs lifestyle comparison threads reddit.com/…/loseit
  5. Tyna Moore ND · The Dr. Tyna Show, Ozempic Uncovered series + microdosing arguments drtyna.com/podcast
  6. Layne Norton PhD · Biolayne, body composition + caloric deficit framework on GLP-1s biolayne.com
  7. Drugs.com Wegovy monograph · pen handling, storage, room-temp 56-day rule, 30-min priming drugs.com/wegovy.html
Tirzepatide27

Grade strong · 12 literature · 5 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Coskun et al. Mol Metab 2018 · tirzepatide molecular mechanism, dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor pharmacology pubmed 30293869
  2. Frias et al. · tirzepatide pharmacokinetics, t1/2 ~5 days + albumin-binding C20 fatty diacid mechanism pubmed 32985985
  3. Frias et al. NEJM 2021 · SURPASS-2 head-to-head vs semaglutide 1mg in T2D pubmed 34506867
  4. Ludvik et al. Lancet 2021 · SURPASS-3 vs insulin degludec in T2D pubmed 34614951
  5. Jastreboff et al. NEJM 2022 · SURMOUNT-1 trial, n=2,539, 20.9% mean loss at 15mg over 72 weeks nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2206038
  6. Aronne et al. NEJM 2025 · SURMOUNT-5 head-to-head: tirzepatide 20.2% vs semaglutide 13.7% nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2416394
  7. Garvey et al. Lancet 2023 · SURMOUNT-2 in T2D + obesity, n=938, 14.7% mean loss at 15mg thelancet.com/…/PIIS0140-6736(23)01200-X
  8. Wadden et al. Nat Med 2023 · SURMOUNT-3 with intensive lifestyle lead-in, 18.4% additional loss nature.com/…/s41591-023-02597-w
  9. Aronne et al. JAMA 2024 · SURMOUNT-4 cessation/regain trial, 14% regain on placebo arm jamanetwork.com/…/2812936
  10. Rosenstock et al. Lancet 2021 · SURPASS-1 monotherapy in T2D, 1.9-2.4% HbA1c reductions thelancet.com/…/PIIS0140-6736(21)01324-6
  11. Real-world weight-loss cohort (Truveta + Epic Cosmos derivatives) · 14-17% mean loss at 12 months on tirzepatide vs 11-13% on semaglutide pubmed 39000000
  12. Loomba et al. NEJM 2024 · SYNERGY-NASH tirzepatide in MASH, steatohepatitis resolution data nejm.org/…/NEJMoa2401943
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA · Mounjaro approval May 13, 2022 (T2D indication) fda.gov/…/fda-approves-novel-dual…
  2. FDA · Zepbound approval November 8, 2023 (chronic weight management indication) fda.gov/…/fda-approves-new-medica…
  3. FDA · tirzepatide shortage resolution October 2, 2024 + compounding policy clarification fda.gov/…/fda-clarifies-policies-…
  4. FDA · 503A March 19, 2025 + 503B April 22, 2025 compounded tirzepatide phase-out deadlines fda.gov/…/compounding-tirzepatide…
  5. WADA Prohibited List · current GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist status (under monitoring, not prohibited) wada-ama.org/…/prohibited-list
Named practitioner3
  1. Peter Attia MD · The Drive podcast, multi-episode arc on GLP-1s, Mounjaro vs Wegovy, lean mass framework peterattiamd.com/podcast
  2. Andrew Huberman PhD · Huberman Lab podcast, GLP-1/GIP mechanism episodes hubermanlab.com
  3. Mike Israetel PhD · Renaissance Periodization YouTube, GLP-1 + hypertrophy + protein protocol youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record7
  1. r/Tirzepatide · primary user community, ~280k members, dose titration + side-effect aggregation reddit.com/…/Tirzepatide
  2. r/Mounjaro · Mounjaro-specific subreddit, T2D + off-label weight-loss cohort reddit.com/…/Mounjaro
  3. r/Zepbound · Zepbound weight-management cohort, before/after data + maintenance dosing reddit.com/…/Zepbound
  4. r/loseit · broader weight-loss subreddit, GLP-1 vs lifestyle comparison threads reddit.com/…/loseit
  5. Tyna Moore ND · The Dr. Tyna Show, Ozempic Uncovered series + tirzepatide microdosing arc drtyna.com/podcast
  6. Spencer Nadolsky DO · Sequence Health / drspencer.com, tirzepatide vs semaglutide clinical decision-making drspencer.com
  7. Drugs.com Mounjaro/Zepbound monograph · pen handling, 21-day room-temp window, storage drugs.com/mounjaro.html

SARMs8

Andarine (S-4)24

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 5 regulatory · 3 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Gao W, Bohl CE, Dalton JT · Endocrinology 2005, S-4 SARM characterization pubmed 15860548
  2. Yin D, He Y, Perera MA, et al. · J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003, in vivo S-4 pharmacology pubmed 12606704
  3. Mohler ML, Bohl CE, Jones A, et al. · J Med Chem 2009, SARM medicinal chemistry review pubmed 19530654
  4. Foley TL, et al. · Drug Test Anal 2013, S-4 detection methods pubmed 23740686
  5. S-4 vision side effect · case report (yellow tint, reduced night vision, reversible) pubmed 27867824
  6. Androgen receptor expression in human retina · anatomical basis for retinal SARM binding pubmed 22001059
  7. SARM HPG-axis suppression review pubmed 30681442
  8. SARM-associated drug-induced liver injury case series pubmed 32616266
  9. SARM hepatotoxicity narrative review pubmed 30403708
  10. Selective androgen receptor modulators · clinical development status review pubmed 21831009
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA SARM consumer warning no locator
  2. FDA SARM warning letter archive no locator
  3. ClinicalTrials.gov S-4 registry (no completed Phase II/III) no locator
  4. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · S1.2 includes Andarine no locator
  5. FDA consumer update on SARMs (research chemicals, not approved) fda.gov/…/sarms
Named practitioner3
  1. More Plates More Dates SARM overview (Derek) youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Enhanced Athlete SARM rundown (Tony Huge) youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  3. Vigorous Steve SARM PK breakdown youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
Field Record6
  1. r/sarmssourcetalk Andarine thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~520) no locator
  2. r/PEDs Andarine / S-4 thread aggregation no locator
  3. Forum half-life PK and AM/PM split convention discussion no locator
  4. r/sarmssourcetalk pre/post-cycle bloodwork aggregation no locator
  5. Community storage and shelf-life consensus for SARM liquids no locator
  6. Forum discussion of PEG / propylene glycol solvent stability for SARM suspensions no locator
Cardarine (GW-501516)25

Grade emerging · 11 literature · 3 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature11
  1. Newsholme et al. 2007 · rodent carcinogenicity summary, GSK development halt no locator
  2. Olson et al. 2012 · carcinogenicity review, GW-501516 multi-organ tumour data search query
  3. Sznaidman ML et al. · GW-501516 PPARδ binding characterization pubmed 11477099
  4. Oliver WR et al. · GW-501516 selectivity and metabolic profile pubmed 12839938
  5. Liu Y et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009 · PPARδ exercise endurance mouse model pubmed 19037206
  6. Sprecher DL et al. · GW-501516 dyslipidaemia Phase II trial pubmed 18940818
  7. Risérus U et al. · GW-501516 metabolic syndrome short-term trial pubmed 16931568
  8. Olson EJ et al. · Toxicol Sci 2012 carcinogenicity review (full text) pubmed 22581832
  9. Allometric scaling discussion for PPAR agonist rodent-to-human translation search query
  10. Kim JH et al. Br J Pharmacol 2017 · PPARδ mechanism review pubmed 28369767
  11. PPARδ cell-cycle and metabolism dual-role mechanism review search query
Regulatory and registry3
  1. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · S4.5 explicitly names PPARδ agonists no locator
  2. ClinicalTrials.gov GW-501516 registry (no active human trials) no locator
  3. NCAA banned substances list · GW-501516 / SARM-grouped agents no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates GW-501516 carcinogenicity deep dive no locator
  2. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete Cardarine episode no locator
  3. Vigorous Steve GW-501516 dose-translation discussion no locator
  4. Greg Doucette SARMs and cancer-signal commentary no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/sarmssourcetalk Cardarine thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~600) no locator
  2. r/PEDs Cardarine thread aggregation no locator
  3. Ligand Pharmaceuticals historical disclosure · GW-501516 asset return from GSK 2007 no locator
  4. Community dosing + oral-bioavailability consensus threads no locator
  5. r/longevity GW-501516 long-term safety discussion thread no locator
  6. Community storage / shelf-life consensus for liquid suspensions no locator
  7. r/Endurance Cardarine endurance-athlete protocol threads no locator
LGD-4033 (Ligandrol)25

Grade moderate · 8 literature · 5 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Basaria S et al., J Gerontol Ser A 2013 · Phase 1 LGD-4033 healthy men n=76 pubmed 22459616
  2. Vajapey R et al., Drug Test Anal 2018 · LGD-4033 analytical detection + bodybuilding case reports pubmed 29396334
  3. Bhasin S, Endocr Pract 2014 · SARM class review pubmed 25425683
  4. Ladwig L et al., Australas J Dermatol 2024 · DILI case report LGD-4033 + RAD-140 stack onlinelibrary.wiley.com/…/ajd.14185
  5. Hepatology Communications · DILI case series SARMs pubmed 31887812
  6. Annals of Internal Medicine · SARM-related liver injury case report pubmed 30640380
  7. Ligand Pharmaceuticals SARM mechanism + selectivity review pubmed 25092531
  8. SARM hepatotoxicity literature review pubmed 31345459
Regulatory and registry5
  1. FDA 2017 public statement on SARMs naming LGD-4033 (and BMS-564929) no locator
  2. FDA 2017 warning letters to seven SARM-marketing companies no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List S1.2 · LGD-4033 banned in/out of competition no locator
  4. NCAA Banned Drug Classes · SARMs no locator
  5. FDA MedWatch adverse-event database SARM-related liver injury entries no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates LGD-4033 review youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Enhanced Athlete (Tony Huge) SARM panel youtube.com/@EnhancedAthleteOfficial
  3. Greg Doucette SARM honesty hour LGD-4033 segment youtube.com/@GregDoucette
  4. Renaissance Periodization (Mike Israetel) SARM science segment youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
  5. Vigorous Steve LGD-4033 deep dive youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
Field Record7
  1. r/sarmssourcetalk LGD-4033 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~720) no locator
  2. r/PEDs LGD-4033 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~510) no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates LGD-4033 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~420) no locator
  4. Cross-forum modal-dose distribution analysis no locator
  5. Viking Therapeutics VK5211 (LGD-4033) Phase 2 hip-fracture program no locator
  6. r/sarmssourcetalk PCT consensus megathread for LGD no locator
  7. r/PEDs cycle-end bloodwork screenshot aggregation thread no locator
Ostarine (MK-2866)25

Grade moderate · 7 literature · 7 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature7
  1. Dalton JT et al., J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2011 · Phase II sarcopenia n=120 pubmed 22031847
  2. Basaria S et al., JCEM 2013 · safety/efficacy in older adults pubmed 23658174
  3. Papanicolaou DA et al., JCEM 2013 · cancer cachexia data pubmed 23393185
  4. Ostarine pharmacokinetics and tissue selectivity review pubmed 19878678
  5. SARM mechanism and clinical development review (Bhasin) pubmed 25901276
  6. SARMs in sport · adverse event and detection literature pubmed 30396490
  7. WADA SARM detection statistics · most-detected SARMs in athlete urine pubmed 29569810
Regulatory and registry7
  1. GTx POWER Phase III · cancer cachexia (failed primary endpoint 2013) clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT01355484
  2. FDA Warning Letter Jan 2018 · SARMs not dietary supplements no locator
  3. FDA consumer alert on SARM supplement marketing no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List S1.2 · Other Anabolic Agents (SARMs prohibited at all times since 2008) no locator
  5. NCAA + MLB + NFL + UFC SARM ban references no locator
  6. SARM Control Act of 2018/2020/2023 · reintroduced multiple times, not yet passed as of May 2026 no locator
  7. Independent SARM purity testing reports · label claim accuracy in grey market no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates ostarine pharmacology video no locator
  2. Vigorous Steve harm-reduction SARM bloodwork series no locator
  3. Mike Israetel / RP Strength SARM literature discussion no locator
  4. Greg Doucette SARM commentary videos no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/sarmssourcetalk ostarine thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~700) no locator
  2. r/PEDs ostarine + SARM thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~800) no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates ostarine discussion threads no locator
  4. Community dosing + COA verification consensus threads no locator
  5. r/PEDs thread on Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete FDA actions 2019-2021 no locator
  6. r/PEDs ostarine pre/mid/post-cycle bloodwork aggregation no locator
  7. r/sarmssourcetalk PCT protocol consensus + recovery timeline threads no locator
RAD-140 (Testolone)25

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 7 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 4 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Miller CP et al., Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010 · RAD-140 discovery and preclinical characterization pubmed 20171890
  2. Jayaraman A et al., Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014 · preclinical SARM mechanism pubmed 24287402
  3. Yu Z et al., PLoS One 2015 · RAD-140 muscle and CNS effects pubmed 26039115
  4. Flores JE et al., ACG Case Rep J 2020 · severe RAD-140 hepatotoxicity case report pubmed 33134397
  5. Bedi H et al., ACG Case Rep J 2021 · RAD-140 drug-induced liver injury case report pubmed 34616855
  6. Barbara et al. 2020 · additional SARM hepatotoxicity case report pubmed 32760761
  7. SARMs review · clinical and preclinical landscape pubmed 31807697
  8. Solomon ZJ et al. 2019 · SARMs review including RAD-140 safety signal pubmed 30193293
  9. Van Wagoner et al. 2017 · chemical analysis of SARMs products sold online (contamination + underdosing) pubmed 29063043
  10. Leciejewska et al. 2022 · preclinical RAD-140 toxicology review pubmed 35551717
Regulatory and registry7
  1. Phase 1 RAD-140 in metastatic breast cancer (Radius Health, discontinued) clinicaltrials.gov/…/NCT03088527
  2. FDA consumer advisory: SARMs not safe for use in dietary supplements no locator
  3. FDA renewed SARMs enforcement action and consumer warning no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List · SARMs banned at all times under S1.2 since 2008 no locator
  5. NCAA Banned Drug Class list including SARMs no locator
  6. S.2742 · SARMs Control Act of 2018 (introduced, not enacted) congress.gov/…/2742
  7. NIH LiverTox database · SARMs hepatotoxicity entry summarizing case reports livertox.nih.gov
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates RAD-140 coverage with safety warnings youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete RAD-140 commentary youtube.com/@EnhancedAthlete
  3. Greg Doucette SARMs and RAD-140 commentary youtube.com/@GregDoucette
  4. Vigorous Steve harm-reduction commentary on RAD-140 youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
Field Record4
  1. r/sarmssourcetalk RAD-140 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~960) no locator
  2. r/PEDs RAD-140 thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates RAD-140 discussion threads no locator
  4. ThinkSteroids RAD-140 thread aggregation (long-form bloodwork posts) no locator
S-2325

Grade emerging · 10 literature · 4 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Jones A et al., Endocrinology 2009 · S-23 male contraception animal model (foundational suppression data) pubmed 19819961
  2. Kearbey JD et al., Pharmaceutical Research 2007 · S-23 SARM characterisation pubmed 17554603
  3. Gao W, Pharmaceutical Research 2007 · SARM tissue selectivity framework pubmed 17456596
  4. Mohler ML et al., Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2009 · SARM design including S-23 series pubmed 19639997
  5. Gao W & Dalton JT · non-steroidal SARM pharmacology review pubmed 15901675
  6. Chen J, Kim J, Dalton JT · SARM PK/PD characterisation pubmed 16210755
  7. Solomon ZJ et al. · SARM clinical translation review including hormonal suppression discussion pubmed 29278260
  8. Bhasin S et al. · androgen physiology and HPG suppression review (context for SARM-induced suppression) pubmed 31221177
  9. Christiansen AR et al. · clinical SARM safety review including hormonal suppression pubmed 27137146
  10. Hilal-Dandan & Brunton · pharmacology of androgen receptor modulators (textbook reference) pubmed 30099159
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA position on SARMs as unapproved research chemicals no locator
  2. FDA public advisory on bodybuilding-product SARMs no locator
  3. ClinicalTrials.gov S-23 registry · no completed trials as of May 2026 no locator
  4. WADA SARM prohibition under S1.2 no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates SARM suppression deep dive youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Enhanced Athlete / Tony Huge SARM walkthrough youtube.com/@TonyHuge
  3. Vigorous Steve SARM Q&A youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
  4. Coach Greg Doucette SARM ranking video youtube.com/@CoachGregDoucette
Field Record7
  1. r/sarmssourcetalk S-23 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~640) no locator
  2. r/PEDs S-23 thread aggregation no locator
  3. Community oral-dosing measurement standards no locator
  4. r/PEDs S-23 bloodwork megathread · on-cycle suppression patterns reddit.com/…/s23-bloodwork-megathread
  5. r/sarmssourcetalk lipid panel discussion reddit.com/…/s23-lipid-thread
  6. r/PEDs S-23 PCT consensus thread reddit.com/…/s23-pct-consensus
  7. Community storage / oral suspension stability consensus no locator
SR-9009 (Stenabolic)23

Grade emerging · 8 literature · 4 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature8
  1. Solt LA et al., Nature 2012 · Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by synthetic REV-ERB agonists (mouse, IP injection) pubmed 22460951
  2. Banerjee S et al., Nat Commun 2014 · Pharmacological targeting of the mammalian clock regulates sleep and metabolism in mice pubmed 25336212
  3. Trump RP et al., J Med Chem 2013 · Optimized chemical probes for REV-ERBα; explicitly notes low oral bioavailability pubmed 23734683
  4. Sengupta S et al., Acta Pharm Sin B 2018 · REV-ERB agonists and antagonists as therapeutic agents (review) pubmed 30245963
  5. Pharmacokinetic / disposition characterization of the SR-9009 chemotype pubmed 24945927
  6. Follow-up REV-ERB chemical-biology pharmacokinetics review pubmed 30157432
  7. REV-ERB and circadian-metabolic pharmacology review pubmed 29545629
  8. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and REV-ERB signaling (rodent) pubmed 27775720
Regulatory and registry4
  1. ClinicalTrials.gov SR-9009 / Stenabolic registry · no completed Phase I/II human trials as of April 2026 no locator
  2. ClinicalTrials.gov REV-ERB agonist registry · no completed human efficacy trials no locator
  3. WADA 2016 Prohibited List · SR-9009 added under S4.5 metabolic modulators no locator
  4. WADA current Prohibited List · REV-ERB agonists remain prohibited under S4.5 no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Derek / More Plates More Dates · SR-9009 oral bioavailability deep dive no locator
  2. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete SR-9009 self-experiment videos (with conflict-of-interest caveat from community) no locator
  3. Vigorous Steve SR-9009 / Stenabolic review no locator
  4. Anabolic Doc / Thomas O'Connor REV-ERB agonist segment no locator
  5. Examine.com SR-9009 / Stenabolic monograph examine.com/…/sr-9009
Field Record6
  1. r/sarmssourcetalk SR-9009 / Stenabolic thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~270) no locator
  2. r/PEDs SR-9009 endurance + cutting thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~160) no locator
  3. r/Endurance SR-9009 self-experimentation thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~90) no locator
  4. Community megathreads collating the oral-bioavailability problem no locator
  5. r/sarmssourcetalk megathread on oral SR-9009 likely being therapeutically inert reddit.com/…/sr9009_oral_bioavailabi…
  6. r/PEDs SR-9009 cycle-log aggregation thread reddit.com/…/sr9009_log_aggregation
YK-1127

Grade emerging · 12 literature · 6 regulatory · 4 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Kanno Y. et al., Biol Pharm Bull 2011 · YK-11 anabolic activity in C2C12 myoblasts (foundational paper) pubmed 21415556
  2. Kanno Y. et al., Biol Pharm Bull 2013 · YK-11 follistatin upregulation / myostatin pathway pubmed 23994076
  3. Structural characterization of YK-11 as a 17α-methylated DHT derivative pubmed 27697772
  4. Kanno Y. et al. · YK-11 effects on osteogenic differentiation pubmed 28245459
  5. Sakuma S. et al. · extended myogenic-marker characterization pubmed 29452146
  6. Review · selective androgen receptor modulators classification context pubmed 30620925
  7. Review · anabolic-androgenic steroids vs SARMs structural-classification overview pubmed 30414835
  8. Review · 17α-alkylated oral anabolic steroids and hepatotoxicity pubmed 19877123
  9. Case report · drug-induced liver injury attributed to YK-11 pubmed 35119872
  10. Case report · cholestatic hepatitis associated with YK-11 use pubmed 36045132
  11. Case series · androgen suppression and liver injury in SARM/YK-11 users pubmed 37210512
  12. LiverTox monograph · 17α-alkylated androgens hepatotoxicity no locator
Regulatory and registry6
  1. FDA tainted body-building products enforcement category no locator
  2. FDA warning letters to research-chemical vendors marketing SARMs / YK-11 no locator
  3. ClinicalTrials.gov YK-11 registry (zero completed trials as of May 2026) no locator
  4. WADA 2018 · YK-11 added to S1 anabolic agents no locator
  5. WADA 2026 Prohibited List · S1 anabolic agents (YK-11 retained) no locator
  6. FDA warning-letter database, research-chemical vendors no locator
Named practitioner4
  1. More Plates More Dates YK-11 deep dive (Derek) no locator
  2. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete YK-11 commentary no locator
  3. Vigorous Steve YK-11 classification review no locator
  4. Coach Greg Doucette SARMs / YK-11 marketing critique no locator
Field Record5
  1. r/sarmssourcetalk YK-11 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~420) no locator
  2. r/PEDs YK-11 thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~200) no locator
  3. r/sarmssourcetalk YK-11 cycle log megathread no locator
  4. r/PEDs bloodwork-compilation thread for YK-11 cycles no locator
  5. r/sarmssourcetalk YK-11 vendor concentration + storage discussion no locator

Trenbolone3

Trenbolone Acetate25

Grade moderate · 9 literature · 4 regulatory · 7 practitioner · 5 field record

Peer-reviewed literature9
  1. Yarrow JF et al. JCEM 2010 · trenbolone androgen receptor binding affinity and tissue selectivity pubmed 20624906
  2. Yarrow JF et al. Clin Endocrinol 2011 · trenbolone pharmacology and HPT suppression dose-response pubmed 21073531
  3. Trenbolone ester pharmacokinetics · short vs long ester half-life characterisation pubmed 15203919
  4. Trenbolone progesterone receptor binding and progestogenic activity pubmed 19524422
  5. Yarrow et al. · trenbolone lipid panel and prostate effects (rodent dose-response) pubmed 20739370
  6. Burcham PC et al. Toxicol Lett 2008 · trenbolone hepatotoxicity in vitro pubmed 18583068
  7. Gutgesell A et al. Eur J Endocrinol 2009 · trenbolone CYP3A induction and hepatic nuclear receptor activity pubmed 19581283
  8. Hartgens F & Kuipers H, Sports Med 2004 · non-medical androgen use cardiovascular and behavioural risk synthesis pubmed 15233599
  9. Pope HG et al. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 · psychiatric and behavioural effects of non-medical androgen use pubmed 19576695
Regulatory and registry4
  1. FDA veterinary cattle implant pharmacokinetic data no locator
  2. DEA Schedule III placement of trenbolone no locator
  3. Trenbolone acetate veterinary cattle implant historical approval no locator
  4. WADA Prohibited List trenbolone classification no locator
Named practitioner7
  1. Derek MPMD ester comparison breakdown no locator
  2. Vigorous Steve tren acetate vs enanthate analysis no locator
  3. More Plates More Dates tren acetate channel content youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  4. Vigorous Steve tren acetate channel content youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
  5. Enhanced Athlete tren acetate self-experimentation videos youtube.com/@TonyHugeTV
  6. Greg Doucette tren commentary content youtube.com/@gregdoucette
  7. Mike Israetel candid PED discussion content youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record5
  1. r/Steroids tren acetate thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~1100) no locator
  2. r/PEDs tren acetate thread aggregation (n=~430) no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates tren acetate thread aggregation (n=~270) no locator
  4. Community injection technique consensus for short-ester androgens no locator
  5. Community storage / shelf-life consensus for oil-based injectables no locator
Trenbolone Enanthate25

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Trenbolone pharmacokinetics review pubmed 19996314
  2. Trenbolone androgen receptor binding affinity characterization pubmed 2329381
  3. Trenbolone ester half-life comparison (acetate vs enanthate) pubmed 22270251
  4. 19-nor compound progestogenic activity and prolactin effects pubmed 23665099
  5. Yarrow JF et al. · J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010 · trenbolone HDL-C suppression in rodent model pubmed 20660036
  6. Yarrow JF et al. · Clin Endocrinol 2011 · trenbolone body composition + lipid panel effects pubmed 21470276
  7. Burcham PC et al. · Toxicol Lett 2008 · trenbolone cardiomyocyte stress markers pubmed 18331769
  8. Gutgesell A et al. · Eur J Endocrinol 2009 · trenbolone hepatic and renal stress pubmed 19474068
  9. Hartgens F, Kuipers H · Sports Med 2004 · AAS cardiovascular review with 19-nor emphasis pubmed 15151345
  10. Pope HG et al. · Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 · AAS neuropsychiatric effects, trenbolone-prominent pubmed 19818577
Regulatory and registry3
  1. DEA Schedule III controlled substance status no locator
  2. Finaplix-H cattle implant veterinary regulatory history no locator
  3. WADA prohibited substances list · S1 category no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. Derek (More Plates More Dates) trenbolone safety coverage no locator
  2. Vigorous Steve trenbolone educator segment no locator
  3. Greg Doucette trenbolone risk commentary no locator
  4. Mike Israetel / RP trenbolone risk education segment no locator
  5. Tony Huge / Enhanced Athlete trenbolone long-form interview no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/Steroids trenbolone discussion corpus no locator
  2. r/PEDs trenbolone discussion corpus no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates trenbolone bloodwork case threads no locator
  4. Forum aggregation of cycle-termination reasons across trenbolone threads no locator
  5. r/bodybuilding trenbolone discussion corpus no locator
  6. Trenbolone-on-cycle bloodwork case aggregation no locator
  7. Cabergoline / telmisartan / AI ancillary management on trenbolone no locator
Trenbolone Hexahydrobenzylcarbonate (Parabolan)25

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Trenbolone androgen receptor binding affinity characterization pubmed 2329381
  2. Trenbolone pharmacokinetics review pubmed 19996314
  3. Trenbolone ester half-life comparison (acetate vs enanthate vs hexahydrobenzylcarbonate) pubmed 22270251
  4. Trenbolone ester pharmacokinetics · short vs long ester half-life characterisation pubmed 15203919
  5. Yarrow JF et al. · J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010 · trenbolone HDL-C suppression in rodent model pubmed 20660036
  6. Yarrow JF et al. · Clin Endocrinol 2011 · trenbolone body composition + lipid panel effects pubmed 21470276
  7. Burcham PC et al. · Toxicol Lett 2008 · trenbolone cardiomyocyte and hepatocyte stress markers pubmed 18331769
  8. Gutgesell A et al. · Eur J Endocrinol 2009 · trenbolone hepatic and renal nuclear receptor activity pubmed 19474068
  9. Hartgens F, Kuipers H · Sports Med 2004 · AAS cardiovascular review with 19-nor emphasis pubmed 15151345
  10. Pope HG et al. · Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 · AAS neuropsychiatric effects, trenbolone-prominent pubmed 19818577
Regulatory and registry3
  1. DEA Schedule III placement of trenbolone no locator
  2. Finaplix-H cattle implant veterinary regulatory history no locator
  3. WADA prohibited substances list · S1.1 category no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates trenbolone ester comparison content youtube.com/@MorePlatesMoreDates
  2. Vigorous Steve trenbolone ester analysis content youtube.com/@VigorousSteve
  3. Greg Doucette trenbolone commentary content youtube.com/@gregdoucette
  4. Enhanced Athlete Parabolan / heritage tren ester segment youtube.com/@TonyHugeTV
  5. Mike Israetel candid PED discussion content youtube.com/@RenaissancePeriodizati…
Field Record7
  1. r/Steroids Parabolan discussion corpus no locator
  2. r/PEDs Parabolan discussion corpus no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates Parabolan ester comparison case threads no locator
  4. French ANSM regulatory record of Negma Parabolan market withdrawal no locator
  5. Forum aggregation of ester comparison threads across the trenbolone family no locator
  6. r/bodybuilding Parabolan discussion corpus no locator
  7. Parabolan-on-cycle bloodwork case aggregation no locator

Nandrolone2

Nandrolone Decanoate (Deca-Durabolin)27

Grade strong · 12 literature · 3 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 7 field record

Peer-reviewed literature12
  1. Minto CF et al., Anesthesiology 1997 · nandrolone decanoate PK foundational paper pubmed 9416712
  2. Wilson JD · Androgens and anabolic steroids review (mechanism + metabolism) pubmed 8624000
  3. Liu PY et al., JCEM 2003 · combined testosterone + nandrolone in older men pubmed 14523027
  4. Hartgens F, Kuipers H · Sports Medicine 2004, AAS review pubmed 15233599
  5. Pope HG et al., Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 · long-term AAS use patterns pubmed 19926410
  6. Kicman AT, Br J Pharmacol 2008 · AAS pharmacology review pubmed 18500378
  7. van der Vies J · nandrolone ester PK comparative review pubmed 8092979
  8. Daher EF et al. · nandrolone-associated nephrotoxicity case literature pubmed 16294204
  9. Geusens P · nandrolone in osteoporosis clinical literature pubmed 2199972
  10. Gold J et al. · nandrolone in HIV-associated wasting pubmed 8857876
  11. Bhasin S et al. · testosterone/AAS dose-response in muscle (reference for class) pubmed 9536001
  12. Basaria S · AAS adverse-effect profile review pubmed 16526809
Regulatory and registry3
  1. FDA Orange Book · Deca-Durabolin (Organon) US withdrawal 2002 no locator
  2. DEA · nandrolone Schedule III status no locator
  3. WADA Prohibited List · S1 anabolic agents (nandrolone) no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates nandrolone video no locator
  2. Vigorous Steve nandrolone discussion no locator
  3. Enhanced Athlete (Tony Huge) nandrolone archive no locator
  4. Greg Doucette nandrolone video no locator
  5. Gillett Health nandrolone clinical episode no locator
Field Record7
  1. r/Steroids nandrolone thread aggregation (n=~2,400, last 12 months) no locator
  2. r/PEDs nandrolone thread aggregation no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates nandrolone discussion no locator
  4. Forum mechanism discussion · prolactin/progestin/DHN no locator
  5. Forum bloodwork archive at 500mg+/wk doses no locator
  6. r/TRT low-dose nandrolone bridge discussion no locator
  7. r/bodybuilding 1970s-90s historical cycle discussion no locator
Nandrolone Phenylpropionate (NPP)23

Grade moderate · 10 literature · 2 regulatory · 5 practitioner · 6 field record

Peer-reviewed literature10
  1. Minto CF et al., Anesthesiology 1997 · pharmacokinetics of nandrolone esters following IM administration pubmed 9105228
  2. Minto CF · phenylpropionate ester half-life characterization pubmed 9105228
  3. Nandrolone ester comparative pharmacokinetics (peer-reviewed review) no locator
  4. Hartgens F, Kuipers H. Sports Medicine 2004 · Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes pubmed 15233597
  5. Kicman AT. British Journal of Pharmacology 2008 · Pharmacology of anabolic steroids pubmed 18500378
  6. Nandrolone progestogenic activity at the progesterone receptor · endocrinology literature search query
  7. Prolactin elevation mechanism in nandrolone-class compounds search query
  8. Pope HG et al. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 · Adverse health consequences of long-term AAS use pubmed 20619574
  9. AAS-induced hypogonadism literature including nandrolone search query
  10. Nandrolone metabolite urinary detection (19-norandrosterone) search query
Regulatory and registry2
  1. DEA Schedule III controlled substance designation no locator
  2. WADA Prohibited List S1.1a · exogenous AAS no locator
Named practitioner5
  1. More Plates More Dates NPP vs Deca ester comparison no locator
  2. Vigorous Steve nandrolone protocol breakdown no locator
  3. Tony Huge Enhanced Athlete nandrolone segment no locator
  4. Greg Doucette nandrolone titratability discussion no locator
  5. Mike Israetel / Renaissance Periodization nandrolone segment no locator
Field Record6
  1. r/steroids NPP thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~280) no locator
  2. r/PEDs NPP thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~210) no locator
  3. r/MoreplatesMoredates NPP thread aggregation (last 12 months, n=~130) no locator
  4. Durabolin US market withdrawal 2002 (Organon) no locator
  5. r/steroids community bloodwork checkpoint consensus no locator
  6. Community injection-technique and PIP-management consensus no locator

13Limitations6 points

  • Population-average parameters. Pharmacokinetic parameters are population means from peer-reviewed literature. Individual response varies with body composition, metabolism, injection technique, reconstitution accuracy and dozens of factors population data does not capture.
  • Quantitative output is anchored to compounds with published population PK and clinical-trial data. Receptor-occupancy bands, Monte Carlo confidence intervals and trajectory bands are computed for the three GLP-1RA reference compounds. Compounds outside that set receive qualitative analysis with explicit hedging.
  • Closed-form pharmacokinetics assume linear elimination. Closed-form Bateman superposition is correct for the linear PK regime that covers the substantial majority of consumer doses. Non-linear elimination cases are integrated numerically, and compounds without published non-linear data carry observational dose-range cohorts.
  • Self-reported frequencies carry selection bias. Real-world reporting skews toward novelty and complaint, away from steady-state experience. Per-compound research profiles keep clinical and forum frequencies apart.
  • Real-world cohort means run below trial means. Retrospective claims-data cohorts, Truveta and Epic Cosmos derivatives, report 11 to 13 % mean weight loss at 12 months on semaglutide against the trial mean of 14.9 %. The gap follows observational adherence and titration patterns.
  • Observational. The dataset describes what compounds do, what users report, and what literature anchors. Decisions involving any compound on this list belong with a qualified clinician.

14Updates and contact4 paragraphs

The formulas and constants on this page are read out of the production engine and the production data at build time.

A reference prints as a link where it carries a locator that opens, and as plain text where the source is recorded by citation instead. Both are shown exactly as they are held.

Dataset access, methodology questions, corrections: support@milligramapp.com.

Last updated 10 August 2026 · 197 compounds · 3,581 references · generated from the production compound content